Counselling Theories Essay

1.Explain the concept of nature versus nurture, using yourself as a case study to illustrate the theory. The concept of nature versus nurture is that human behaviour is influenced by genetic information inherited from our parents and also by environmental and social influences. My appearance such as short sightedness and pigmentation (freckles) I inherited from my parents. This means like my father I must wear glasses to drive and many other aspects of my daily life. Being a woman this heightens my social awareness as how others perceive me. Society dictates ‘the body beautiful’. Magazines, Bill-boards, TV and newspapers constantly suggest the need to have a perfect complexion. This influences how I perceive myself and makes me feel I must wear makeup to cover up such blemishes to appear more acceptable and feel good about myself. Thus this influences my behaviour in everyday life as I feel my appearance determines my acceptance by others. 2.Identify one strength and one weakness of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour. One strength of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is the ability to explain addiction to smoking, drinking and narcotics. Children see their family and friends behaviour as socially acceptable and so exhibit these behaviours with little question. This often leads to entrenched social behaviour. This suggests that our early experiences can affect our perspective later in adulthood. One weakness of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that if someone’s behaviour is solely determined by their genes then to what extent are people in control of their lives. For instance people suffering from ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) have the same set of genes but depending on their family, social or cultural upbringing may respond differently to the same situation. 3.Describe Freud’s concept of the ego, id and superego. Explain how the ego,  id and superego interact. Use an example from your own experience. Id: Describes the biological or instinctive response. This is our original personality we are born with and controls responses in the early stage of life. Ego: In this second developmental stage, compromises in instinctive responses to environmental circumstances begin to develop. The ego mediates with the id by considering the rules of the real world and the consequences of actions taken in that world. Superego: This is that part of our psyche that determines how we think we should react in a given situation. This is the development of morals, what is right and what is wrong. It is a further development of control over the id response. An example from my own experience is say when I see a piece of cake on display. My id tells me I want to eat the piece of cake, my ego says are you really that hungry. My superego rationalises the situation and asks if I eat the cake unnecessarily, a possible consequence is I will put on weight and so is this the right thing to do? 4.Identify one strength and one weakness of Freud’s concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour. One advantage of Freud’s concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that it gives a good overall description of development of the human psyche. It recognises the development of personality and physical development stages. It demonstrates the interplay or lack of; between these different aspects of the psychological process and how different outcomes can occur as a consequence of this balance. One weakness of Sigmund Freud’s concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that not each may be equally well developed. This mix of psyche occurs at different rates for each individual. This can lead to social consequences where individuals will be treated differently causing a hindrance in the future development of the ego and superego. 5. Describe Jean Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development and provide an example from your own experience to illustrate the theory. Sensorimotor (Birth 18 months): During this period the baby begins to  recognise the world around them and so develops refined eye movement, depth vision, and later as they begin to explore further learn to crawl and then walk. They start to use simple language ‘mum’, ‘dad’ and other single word responses.   Preoperational (18 months to 6 years): Here the child increases their vocabulary and recognise some simple symbols and how to deal with certain basic situations. They can understand those near to them and begin to categorise the world around them. ï€ ªConcrete operational (6 to 12 years): At this point language skills increase but are still tied to the real world. The ability to reason increases in seeking to understand the world around them. Formal operational (12 years and over): About this point the child begins to explore abstract or hypothetical situations. There is an attempt to organise thoughts and situations into a logical ordering. From my own experience while I cannot remember the first two stages but I have seen them in my children’s growing up. At the age of 12 my daughter started to explore cooking for herself at first making cakes and more complicated meals. She started to ask such questions regarding instructions on packet mixes before progressing to more complicated cooking such as a bacon, tomato and onion omelette. More recently she has started to explore more complex issues and why people do what they do. 6.Identify one strength and one weakness of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development demonstrate an important connection between physical development and personality stages. A criticism levelled at Piaget however was that he used his own children and others from a well educated and high socio-economic background. This selection is thus not fully representative of all society. Further children from different environment and cultural backgrounds may mature differently. Thus the age classification of the different stages may be much wider with some children developing at an earlier age and some later. 7.List Erikson’s eight psychosocial stages of development. Which stage do you see yourself in and why? (1)Oral sensory (0 – 1 year) (2)Muscular anal (2 – 3 years) (3)Locomotor-genital (3 – 5 years) (4)Latency (6 years – puberty) (5)Adolescence (12 – 18 years) (6)Early adulthood (18 – 35 years) (7)Middle adulthood (35– 60 years) (8)Mature adult (60+ years) I’m at stage 7 according to Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development. I am 40 years old, I have a family, a career and have organized as much as is possible my future life which now includes further education. 8.Identify one strength and one weakness of Erikson’s stages of development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour. A strength of Erikson’s stages of development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that it places greater stress in the nature versus nurture debate for the need for both concepts. Further this description is placed across an entire lifespan of a human being. A criticism, however, is that this theory describes the developmental process rather than explaining it.

Workplace Diversity and Work/Life Balance Essay - 1455 Words

Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within an organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness. Organizational behavior is dependent upon many variables. It incorporates many areas of study such as psychology, sociology and anthropology. These disciplines are important in trying to manage new and existing challenges in the workplace. Two examples of current workplace challenges are workplace diversity and the constant struggle to balance work life and home life. Workplace diversity has become a growing concern within organizations. Managers are now challenged with learning new ways to†¦show more content†¦Much of the issue with workplace diversity stems from the fear of individuals that their co-workers are different or unlike them. This proves to make communication and staffing difficult for managers as it is important to not hurt anyone’s feelings or promote any kind of discrimination. To aid in preventing discrimination, managers must first understand their own, preconceived notions and work to not judge others based on those thoughts; it is important for managers and senior leadership to lead by example. An example of a possible preconceived notion could be that older employees are slower producers and perhaps incapable of learning new processes and technologies. The previous statement is not true, in fact on the contrary, older workers have a strong work ethic and bring a wealth of experience to the workplace. Additionally, older employees are less likely to quit their jobs and have a lower rate of absenteeism (Robbins). Overcoming workplace diversity challenges can bring exciting opportunities for an organization. By incorporating and striving to hire different ethnicities, businesses can broaden their services globally. If a company can keep the lines of communication open, the diff erent viewpointsShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Within The Field Of Human Resources1657 Words   |  7 Pagesthe quality of work life, diversity at the workplace, worth of an individual, impartiality of human resources managers, and fair remuneration of employees. These issues present challenges mainly due to attaining a balance between the interest of the organization and requirements of employees. Ranking them based on effect on productivity and organizational performance reveals that fair remuneration concerns come first followed by impartiality of managers, then quality of work life that is followedRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages Diversity in a Workplace Discrimination are more common in workplaces, because some people only think of discrimination as making a distinction and judgment of a person based on color of skin. Discrimination goes far beyond color of skin. A person can be disseminated agonist for their age, disability, gender, religion, or even for being pregnant. In a workplace there are standards and policies in place to decrease the chances of a person being discriminated against. When the staff is diverseRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Practices1695 Words   |  7 Pagesis how to handle the ever changing diversity within the organization. In order to be a successful human resource department of an organization that treats their diverse workforce in a fair and equal manner, one must first understand how the workforce demographics are changing, what problems may arise due to these changes, and how to overcome these problems. It is a delicate dance that must be done on a daily basis. Description As was inferred earlier, diversity in an organization is not a problemRead MoreOrganizational Performance Within The Global Realm1648 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermining both the positive and negative aspects of organizational diversity success. These strides have led the efforts in discovering how to influence and hold the workforce differences while advancing the organization. The search has led to the agreement that one overwhelming organizational behavior will successfully move the bottom line faster and in a positive global direction. Devoting the appropriate assets to diversity and diversity programs, the financial leaps will inevitably bring positiveRead MoreManagement : Management Careers And Diversity Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Careers and Diversity Introduction Ongori and Agolla (2007) state that managing workforce diversity in an organization is a complex phenomenon. They suggest that with the current organizational transformations being implemented across the globe, management of workforce diversity cannot be downplayed. Diversity in the workforce is based on the acknowledgement of the reality that people are different in more than one way, mainly in terms of culture and ethnicity, personality, religionRead MoreThe Modern Human Resources Department1361 Words   |  6 Pagesbureaucratic period lead up to and after World War I and led to management experts, trade unions, industrial economists and reforms that applied pressure on the employers to reform their practices. This was the first step for employees to have a say in their work environments as well as having a process to address grievances. Representations in union type organizations more than tripled during this time period and the evolution of the modern personnel department began . The advent of performance evaluationsRead MoreMemersion Reflection Analysis1593 Words   |  7 PagesOverall, I now have a greater understanding and appreciation for diverse cultural, social, and intellectual resources in the community. Standard 5.3. Safeguard the values of democracy, equity, and diversity In today’s contemporary world, we must continue to safeguard our values of democracy, equity, and diversity. Democracy ensures personal freedom, fundamental rights, freedom of self-determination, political equality, and protection against fundamental interests (Dahl, 1998). Although we live inRead MoreEssay about Busman1552 Words   |  7 Pagesorganisations objectives is through ensuring that sufficient numbers of motivated and skilled staff are available to work efficiently and effectively, managing their resource to ensure high levels of productivity. - Effective HRM can help a LSO to increase its profits by: Ensure that wages are appropriate and not too expensive. Training can be costly, but may provide benefits as employees work more efficiently , increasing productivity and therefore generating greater profit. The recruitment processRead MoreGenerational Diversity in the Workplace1445 Words   |  6 PagesGenerational Diversity in the Workplace Managerial Communications 10/14/2011 Today, the workplace environment is comprised of people, both males and females from all different cultures and generations. For the first time in U.S. history there are four different generations out in the workforce. A generation can be defined as a group of individuals born within a term years having similar ideas, goals, attitudes and experiences. It can also be defined as the average period between the birthRead MoreBackground Of Ibm ( International Business Machine )1079 Words   |  5 Pagespromoting diversity in the organization. As the company had its first lady vice president in 1943. IBM rank’s in top 100 companies in the â€Å"Working Mother Magazine† and awarded 1st for multicultural working women in 2009.In 1993 Louis Gerstner became the CEO of IBM (Managing Diversity for Success: The Case of IBM). Diversity from the beginning of IBM. IBM is commonly known as the leader of workplace diversity. In 1943, the president of IBM Thomas Watson declared equal pay for equal work. Same benefits

Obesity And Health Issues Caused By Obesity Essay - 899 Words

Obesity is an epidemic in the United States today. Being overweight is defined by the Centers for Disease Control as having a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 25 and obesity as a BMI greater than 30. Being overweight is more than just a cosmetic problem, it is a chronic condition that leads to many health issues. Health issues caused by obesity have a huge effect on the cost of healthcare. In 2008, the cost of obesity related health care was $147 billion dollars. An obese person will spend almost $1,500 more a year on healthcare than a person of a healthy weight (CDC.gov, 2015). More than 35% of American adults and 17% of children are overweight or obese. Non-hispanic blacks have the highest percentage of obesity at 47.8% followed by non-hispanic whites at 32.6%. Middle age people have the highest rate of obesity (39.5%) closely followed by adults over 60 (35.4%), with young adults making up the smallest group (30.3%). Rates also vary among socioeconomic groups and interestingly differ according to race and sex within those groups. Non-hispanic blacks and Mexican American men are more likely to be obese if they have a higher income. However, women are more likely to be obese if they have a lower socioeconomic status (CDC.gov, 2015). Obesity is not just its own disease, there is a link between being overweight and the development of many other chronic conditions. It has been directly linked to diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke,Show MoreRelatedObesity : A Serious Health Condition1452 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is a serious health condition that, if left untreated, causes serious health conditions. Contrary to popular belief, obesity is more than a condition caused by overeating and lack of exercise (Vallor 2013). Obesity is a disease (Callahan 2013); a disease that Americans are spending about $150 billion on annually (Zamosky 2013). Additionally, changing a person’s diet and exercise regimen may not be effective in some cases of obesity (Vallor 2013). Obesity is not like most well-known diseases;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis on Obesity1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe obesity epidemic is rapidly spreading throughout America, reeking havoc on the nation. I have chosen two article s that discuss this issue and use different rhetorical strategies to convince the reader of the causes of this deadly epidemic as well as different aspects of the disease that should be focused on when researching treatments options. Examining the different rhetorical strategies used in the articles proves that, although logos arguments can be a good way to convince an audience ofRead MoreObesity : A Silent Killer Invading Many Countries Across The World Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesMosura Mr. Johnston English II 19 October 2016 Obesity There is a silent killer invading many countries across the world. The elusive murderer is called obesity. Obesity can be caused and prevented several ways. The health risks caused by obesity get worse the more obese people are or the higher Body Mass Index (BMI) people have. Many diseases and life-threatening problems occur while obese. Obesity, a plague that is infecting millions every year, is caused by several personal habits and can generateRead MoreChildhood Obesity: A Gowing Problem Around the World649 Words   |  3 PagesObesity is a growing problem all around the world for far too many children. Obesity means a person has too much body fat. Body fat is measured by a person’s body mass index. When one is measuring a person’s body mass index, they are finding their height and body weight then comparing it to the recommendations made by doctors for each age and gender. After doctors calculate it, they then find a percentile rank to determine present and future health issues. Around the world, childhood obesity hasRead MoreObesity Is A Complex Process953 Words   |  4 PagesTackling obesity is a complex process that requires a proactive approach and interventions from the individual, society, local authorities, and public health service and partner organisation (PHE 2016f). In response to obesity as a public health issue, the government introduces no of policies, strategy and health campaign to tackle this problem, including Change4life campaign and Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A call to action on obesity in England (Foresight 2007). Chang4life is a public health campaignRead MoreObesity Is A Major Health Epidemic1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic chosen was on obesity, the reason why this topic was chosen is obesity has now become a major health epidemic. Americans are increasing becoming overweight, which is leading to several major health problems that is costing our health care systems billions of dollars a year to treat. This is a health related problem that can be prevented if individuals were to make better choices when it comes to their diet and activities. The reason these three articles were chosen are they provide primaryRead MoreObesity Is A Significant Health Issue1594 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is a significant health issue that is continuing to spread and intensify throughout elementary school nationwide. It can be best defined as â€Å"an excessively high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity†). This harmful health condition is a condition that severely negatively impacts the students in all aspects of their lives physically, socially, and mentally. It also effects the educators and parents on a large scale. Obesity is a significant prolonged issue thatRead MoreObesity : The Elusive Murderer Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagescalled obesity. Obesity can be caused and prevented several ways. The health risks caused by obesity get worse the more ob ese people are or the higher Body Mass Index (BMI) people have. Many diseases and life-threatening problems occur while obese. Obesity, a plague that is infecting millions every year, is caused by several personal habits and can generate many life-threatening problems. Obesity is gradually growing all across the world. There are many sad predictions being made about obesity ratesRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Major Health Issue1731 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Childhood obesity is a major health issue nationwide and globally. This has been going on for many years and childhood obesity has increased tremendously. The main problem is the difference between calorie ingestion and calories consumed. Other influences (hereditary, developmental, and environmental) can also affect obese children. Physical, emotional, and public health issues causes pain and suffering for many children. The process of obesity growth is not completely understoodRead MoreFast Food Restaurants: A Detriment to the Health of Americans833 Words   |  4 Pagesobese people in the have eaten regularly at fast food restaurants. As the obesity rate increases, the number of fast food restaurants goes up as well. Although it is not certain, many believe that obesity in the United States is correlated to eating fast food. Since the United States has the highest obesity rate out of any country, it is important for Americans to monitor the fast food industry that may be causing obesity. With the pressure to get things done in a timely manner, fast food became

IN WHAT WAYS DOES KATNISS EVERDEEN CHALLENGE OR CONFIRM...

The question of whether Katniss Everdeen, of The Hunger Games, confirms or challenges the idea of an archetypal hero is one debated worldwide. Throughout the novel, written by Suzanne Collins, Katniss demonstrates qualities and undertakes actions which are, without a doubt, heroic. However, whether or not this makes her a hero is dependent upon who you are asking; many characters in the novel would have very different ideas as to what a hero is. Also, although Katniss may come off as a hero many times in the book, she also challenges that title in countless instances with less-than-heroic actions and thoughts. So is Katniss Everdeen a hero? Through her actions, thoughts and personality, Katniss both confirms and challenges the idea of a†¦show more content†¦For example, President Snows opinion on heroism would be very different to the likes of Gales. President Snow, the megalomaniacal and cruel ruler of the Capitol, would think a hero to be a follower; a mere sheep, someone who does Snows bidding and doesnt question the tyrannical rule of which they live under. Snows hero would find honour and sacrifice in the hunger games, would play the game with pride; Gales hero would be almost the polar opposite, Gales hero would be a rebel; someone to fight the Capitols oppression or the districts, a symbol of equality and justice. And in all of this, does Katniss stand? She doesnt conform fully to either of these conceptions of a hero; she is, as some would say, sitting on the fence. In a way, Katniss is President Snows hero, as she plays the game; she builds for herself a hunger games identity, and she kills other contestants- she does what is almost mandatory to survive in the games. In another way, Katniss rebels against the games, and it is in these moments that Katniss is Gales idea of a hero. She defies the games by giving Rue a dignified and proper burial- she refuses to let Rue die as cattle, and in doing so exhibits the heroic and rebellious qualities t hat Gales hero would possess. Katniss Everdeen doesnt fully conform to anybodys idea of a hero. Many would argue, however, that she very much confirms the idea of a archetypal hero; yet a lot of people would

Death Penalty Essay Introduction Example For Students

Death Penalty Essay Introduction Fifty years after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the trend towards worldwide abolition of the death penalty is unmistakable. When the Declaration was adopted in 1948, eight countries had abolished the death penalty for all crimes; today, as of November 1998, the number stands at 63. More than half the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or practice, and the numbers continue to grow. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty as a violation of fundamental human rights the right to life and the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment. Both of these rights are recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, other international and regional human rights instruments and national constitutions and laws. Defense of life and defense of the state may be held to justify, in some cases, the taking of life by state officials; for example, when law-enforcement officials must act immediately to save their own lives or those of others or when a country is engaged in armed conflict. Even in such situations the use of lethal force is surrounded by internationally accepted standards of human rights and humanitarian law to inhibit abuse. The death penalty, however, is not an act of defense against an immediate threat to life. It is the premeditated killing of a prisoner for the purpose of punishment a purpose that can be met by other means. The cruelty of the death penalty is manifest not only in the execution but in the time spent under sentence of death, during which the prisoner is constantly contemplating his or her own death at the hands of the state. This cruelty cannot be justified, no matter how cruel the crime of which the prisoner has been convicted. The cruelty of the death penalty extends beyond the prisoner to the prisoners family, to the prison guards and to the officials who have to carry out an execution. Information from various parts of the world shows that the role of an executioner can be deeply disturbing, even traumatic. The right to life and the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment are the two human rights most often cited in debates about the death penalty. But the death penalty also attacks other rights. In many cases prisoners are sentenced to death in trials which do not conform to international norms for a fair trial. Prisoners facing a possible death sentence are often represented by inexperienced lawyers, and sometimes by no lawyer at all. The defendants may not understand the charges or the evidence against them, especially if they are not conversant with the language used in court. Facilities for interpretation and translation of court documents are often inadequate. In some cases prisoners are unable to exercise their right to appeal to a court of higher jurisdiction and the right to petition for clemency or commutation of the death sentence. In some jurisdictions, capital cases are heard before special or military courts using summary procedures. The death penalty is often used disproportionately against members of disadvantaged social groups, and thus in a discriminatory fashion, contrary to Articles 2 and 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It is the ultimate d enial of the dignity and worth of the human person, affirmed in the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. There is no criminological justification for the death penalty which would outweigh the human rights grounds for abolishing it. The argument that the death penalty is needed to deter crime has become discredited by the consistent lack of scientific evidence that it does so more effectively than other punishments. International human rights standards have developed in a way that favors even tighter restrictions on the scope of the death penalty. This progressive narrowing of the death penalty is mirrored by actual practice in most states which still use the punishment. The Necklace: A Closer Look at Character EssayIn resolution of 3 April 1997, the UN Commission on Human Rights expressed its conviction that abolition of the death penalty contributes to the enhancement of human dignity and to the progressive development of human rights. Protocol No. 6 is the most widely ratified of the three in comparison to the number of states parties to the parent treaty; as of October 1998 it had been ratified by 28 states and signed by another five. The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR had been ratified by 33 states as of the same date and signed by another three, while the Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty had been ratified by six states and signed by one other. Sixty-three countries today have abolished the death penalty for all crimes. Another 16 have abolished the death penalty for all but exceptional crimes such as wartime crimes. Alongside the countries which have abolished the death penalty for all cr imes or for ordinary crimes only, there are 24 which can be considered abolitionist de facto, in that they retain the death penalty in law but have not carried out any executions for the past 10 years, or have made an international commitment not to do so. As Roger Hood has stated, the death penalty in these countries has a far greater symbolic than practical significance .The trend to abolition seems inexorable, yet the battle has to be fought over and over again. Each country has to go through a process which is often long and painful, examining for itself the arguments for and against, before finally we hope rejecting the death penalty. The decision to abolish the death penalty has to be taken by the government and the legislators. This decision can be taken even though the majority of the public favour the death penalty. Historically, this has probably almost always been the case. Yet when the death penalty is abolished, usually there is no great public outcry; and once abolished, it almost always stays abolished. This must mean that although a majority of the public favours the death penalty in a given country, it is also the case that a majority of the public is willing to accept abolition. This is a feature of public opinion which is not usually revealed by polls asking respondents to state their position on the death penalty. If the questions were more sophisticated, the polls would probably give a better sense of the complexities of public opinion and the extent to which it is based on an accurate understanding of the actual situation of criminality in the country, its causes and the means available for combating it. As the UN Secretariat suggested as long ago as 1980, governments should take on the task of educating the public on the uncertainty of the deterrent effect of capital punishment. A better public understanding of crime prevention and criminal justice would produce more support for anti-crime measures which are genuine and not merely palliative. At the very least, politicians should not make demagogic calls for the death penalty, misleading the public and obscuring the need for genuine anti-crime measures. Often the national debate on the death penalty is conducted in purely national terms. The international dimension needs to be brought in. Countries can learn from other countries experience. Over the centuries, laws and public attitudes relating to torture have evolved. It is no longer permissible to use thumbscrews or the rack as legally sanctioned means of interrogation and punishment. Attitudes toward the death penalty are also changing, and bringing about abolition requires courageous political leadership, leadership that will be exercised in the defense of human rights. The requirement of respect for human rights has to include the abolition of the death penalty. It is not possible for a government to respect human rights and retain the death penalty at the same time. Words/ Pages : 1,985 / 24

Martin Luther King, Jr. Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is one of the most influential people of this century. King is not a great figure in history just because he is famous; he is great because he served the cause of peace and justice for all humans. King is best remembered for his humanity, leadership and his love of his fellow man regardless of their skin color. This presence of strong moral values developed Kings character, which enabled him to become one of the most influential leaders of our time. Through reading I Have a Dream Writings and Speeches that Changed the World, we learn that his values of integrity, love, truth, fairness, caring, non-violence, and peace were what motivated him to greatness. Integrity is a central value in a leaders character and it is through integrity that King had vision of the truth. The truth that one-day this nation would live up to the creed, all men are created equal. No man contributed more to the great progress of blacks during the 1950s and 1960s than Martin Luther King, Jr. He was brought up believing one man can make a difference, and this is just what he did. Integrity has a large effect on what we think, say, and do. It is because of Kings thoughts and actions so many people put their trust and faith in him. King believed that America, the most powerful and richest nation in the world, would lead the way to a revolution of the mind. This revolution will change the way society views itself, shifting from a materialistic society to a spiritual society. When this occurs, King believed that racism could be conquered. Kings unconditional love for all humans was another value that strongly influenced his character. King described his meaning of love in one of his many speeches, A Time to Break Silence: When I speak of love I am not speaking of some sentimental and weak response. I am speaking of that force which all of the great religions have seen as the supreme unifying principle of life. Love is somehow the key that unlocks the door, which leads to ultimate reality. King was called an extremist, which he was not sure how to deal with at first. After careful consideration he believed that if he were to be called an extremist for love, it could only be taken as a compliment. He believed that the world was in dire need for more extremists like him. King did not want to be remembered after his death by the Nobel Peace Prize or his many other awards. He wanted people to say ...that Martin Luther King, Jr., tried to love somebody. And I want you to say that I tried to love and save humanity. Even when his own life and the life of his family were threatened, King did not react with hatred or violence, he found more strength and courage. He told his fellow men, I want you to love your enemies. Be good to them. Love them and let them know you love them. Therefore, Kings love for the human race led him to focus his ministry and speeches in obedience to Jesus Christ, who loved his enemies so fully that he died for them. Kings ability to speak the truth is another value that made him such an influential leader. This ability is one reason why King was asked to be the leader of so many important protest marches and sit-ins. His mother was aware of Kings ability to speak the truth very early in his life. Kings followers believed that he would speak nothing but the truth. But, in Kings famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, he could only hope that what he had written will be seen as the truth: If I have said anything in this letter that overstates the truth and indicates an unreasonable impatience, I beg you to forgive me. If I have said anything that understates the truth and indicates me having a patience that allows me to settle for anything less than brotherhood, I beg God to forgive me. King also believed that all people should be treated with equality and fairness. This became the basis for the Civil Rights

The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essays

The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essays The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essay The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essay Introduction This sentence is written by a human, a airy technology leader uniting to give what he is known as Pranav Mistry, born in 1981 in Palanpur, which is situated at northern Gujarat in India. Pranav Mistry did his unmarried mans of computing machine technology at Gujarat University from 1999-2003. After the completion of his graduation in unmarried mans of technology, he pursued his Maestro of Design at IDC, IIT Bombay from 2003-2005. He is presently analyzing in Master of Science and PhD at MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Thinking is what I love the most, and fortuitously his work is to come up with new advanced thoughts. He is called as the living dead and he absolutely verifies the stating that the ultimate contemplation of instruction and high grade of excellence is to be sort to zombie human existences. Exposure to Fieldss like design to engineering and from art to psychology gave him a rather nice/interesting point of view to the universe. He loves to see engineering from design position and frailty versa. This vision reflects in about all of his undertakings and research work every bit good. Following will be an account of the technology and leading life of Pranav Mistry. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) 3.0 Career and single activities Human existences are deliberate by their actions and the step of Pranav Mistry s actions is homogenous. Pranav Mistry has transformed the society by send oning his accomplishments to the following degree of engineering. Following the completion of graduation of his technology, He joined at Microsoft India Development Centre as a Undertaking Manager. He was involved in a squad working on different planing undertakings. When he was in 2nd twelvemonth of his unmarried mans of technology, he got some conceptual thoughts on how to associate the digital universe into the physical universe. So he joined the internship with planetary connexion undertaking in 2007. While his internship, he made intelligent gluey notes that can be searched, located and can direct reminders and messages and a pen that can pull in three-dimensional position. Pranav Mistry wanted to scale new highs, so he joined the Media art and Science ( MIT ) , where he worked in assorted undertakings. For illustration, a public map that can move as Google of physical universe and MARBO undertaking. For this work, he secured 1st place in Innovation Fair award at India degree for the undertaking MARBO and secured 1st place for the esteemed Dhirubhai ambani foundation award. In 2008, he started working as a research helper at Fluid Interfaces Group at MIT Media Lab. The few undertakings that were to be approached and completed were thirdEye a new technique that enables multiple viewing audiences to see different things on a same show screen at the same clip, DATAG2.02 a undertaking to research the fresh manner to interact with practical words and systems with unavailability, like a robo on Moon or a crane manus raising immense stones. It was during this work that Pranav Mistry had gained the advantages of working and being involved in squad work sharing the undertakings with squad members. The celebrated Digit magazine in grasp to his work in the computing machine scientific discipline and engineering field. His plant besides included undertakings like ProjectCHILD, TaPuMa, Sunflower, Sandesh, VET, Ghost in the Machine, RoadRunner, Sthiti and Akshar. In 2009, he got the esteemed award, the victor of TR35 2009 from the engineering reappraisal for his one of the most astonishing undertaking called Sixth sense Technology, which attracted the planetary attending which gives as a guidelines that how to do a easy interaction with digital universe all around us. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) 4.0 Engineering leading Harmonizing to Bennis and Howe, Good leaders make people feel that they are at the very bosom of things, non at the fringe. Everyone feels that he or she makes a difference to the success of the organisation. When that happens people feel centered and that gives their work significance. There are many characters exhibited by a successful leader and being an technology leader, qualities like tolerance, doggedness, wisdom, cognition and bravery constitute. The undermentioned brief will hold an impending into some of properties that made as an outstanding technology leader. 5.0 Leaderships and followings The relationship between leaders and followings is of import because both leaders and followings portion mutualist functions. Leaderships find themselves sometimes in the place of the follower and frailty versa. Bolden et Al. ( 2003 ) , explained that a leader should non ever be in front but should besides hold the capacity to follow . Similarly, Pranav Mistry demonstrates that he is non merely a leader but besides a follower through sharing of the technological cognition he develops to each and everyone. In one of his addresss on the 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking, he concluded by stating that he is more interested to take this engineering out to the multitudes instead than maintaining it in the research lab environment. Learning and researching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) research lab under the supervising of Pattie Maes, research worker at the MIT research lab was what motivated him in making so. 6.0 Servant leading Robert K. Greenleaf ( 1970 ) in an essay described that: The servant-leader is servant firstaˆÂ ¦ It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to function, to function foremost. Then witting pick brings one to draw a bead on to take. He or she is aggressively different from the individual who is leader foremost, possibly because of the demand to pacify an unusual power thrust or to get material ownerships. For such it will be a ulterior pick to function after leading is established. The leader-first and the servant-first are two utmost types. Between them there are shadings and blends that are portion of the infinite assortment of human nature. The construct of servant leading which relates to the leader s willingness to function his followings instead than to take is the leading manner Pranav Mistry adopted in most of his undertaking. For case, in the 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking, Pranav Mistry described how this thought of utilizing gestures instead than utilizing computing machine input devices to interact with the digital universe appealed to him during his early surveies. In the same manner that Greenleaf described above, a natural feeling inspired Pranav Mistry to function foremost and take after. He achieved it by demoing how engineering can be adapted to the existent life without holding to larn a common linguistic communication to interact with a physical device. 6.1 Features of servant leading Servant-Leadership is a practical doctrine which supports people who choose to function foremost and so take as a manner of spread outing service to persons and establishments. Servant-leaders may or may non keep formal leading places. Servant-leadership encourages coaction, trust, foresight, hearing, and the ethical usage of power and authorization. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greenleaf.org/ ) For Pranav Mistry to take after, he had to follow the above mentioned doctrine which proved to be good to him. Therefore, for his single public presentation, he collaborated and followed Pattie Maes, research worker at the MIT research lab because: aˆ? Through experience, accomplishment, and judgement, she knew best. aˆ? His growing demanded that she invested more in his accomplishment and assurance than in her ain. aˆ? Merely him, non the leader, has the capacity, clip and chance to acquire it done. ( Katzenbach and Smith, 1994 ) 7.0 Transformational leading Harmonizing to Burns ( 1978 ) , transformational leading occurs when one or more individuals engage with others in such a manner that leaders and followings raise one another to higher degrees of motive and morality . In this context, as a research helper at the MIT media research lab, Pranav Mistry has ever shown that motive was what he relishes through acquisition. Thinking is what he likes the most as stated in his involvements subdivision on his web site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) . Tichy and Devanna ( 1986 ) further developed on the surveies of Burns ( 1978 ) in organisational and work contexts. They stated that the intercrossed nature of transformational leading is not due to charisma but it is a behavioral procedure capable of being learned . Pranav Mistry mentioned in one of his documents, Leonardo found on his web site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) , that knowing how to believe about engineering is a skill one needs to learn oneself the manner we were taught by old new ways of believing such as mathematics, logic, scientific discipline and design . To him, one needs to believe like Leonardo did and he talks for himself excessively by saying that I know how to make something, now I need to larn what to make . Indirectly, traveling through his acquisition procedure, he besides learned how to be a transformational leader. The qualities of transformational leading he acquired are outlined hereunder. 7.1 Creative Hackman and Johnson ( 2000 ) defined transformational leaders as seen to be advanced and foresighted. Creativity is the quality that most prevails in Pranav Mistry as he is invariably bring forthing new thoughts, merchandises and processs. The 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking illustrates how originative he is. The fact that we grew up interacting with objects and unlike computing machines, objects are fun to utilize because attached to them are physical gestures was the first measure of his originative head. He so, integrated the physical universe to the digital universe by utilizing simple equipment ( components a mouse, a webcam, a mirror and colored markers ) that are easy available to develop the 6th sense hardware device. Furthermore, he introduced Band aids: Gluey notes of the twenty-first century characteristics that could be written on a piece of paper and sent to others by utilizing particular user interface that resembled the normal gluey notes. Manipulation of the hardware device was done by sign interface, so that engineering could be easy accessible to everyone without holding to larn how to utilize it. His creativeness pushed him to even travel against his initial thought. Now, integrating of the digital universe to the physical universe interested him, so that existent clip information can be generated through a camera combined with a adenoidal mike. The undertaking iniditree-Technology to multitudes in a meaningful mode ( Pranav Mistry A ; Niranjan Nayak, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) presented originative features of a transformational leader. They anticipated the manner that engineering will be dissipated in India, chiefly in the rural parts and explored the jobs like Accessibility, Awareness, Experience, Illiteracy and Economical solutions that are being solved from a wholly different point of position. They stated that the focal point should non be on work outing the above mentioned jobs but instead on distributing the existent benefits of engineering to multitudes. For case, they described that increasing the handiness of computing machines will non turn out to be productive unless engineering is introduced in a meaningful manner, that is, affecting the practical facet of engineering will do the difference. Experience that a common adult male can derive from utilizing engineering was non considered in the job work outing undertaking. Therefore, in the same article Pranav Mistry with the aid of Niranjan Nayak, identified the figure of assorted jobs and illustrated them by doing usage of sidelong thought, which eventually converged to a proposed solution to this job. However, creativeness can sometimes be associated with hazard of failure, as each originative thought is accompanied by different degrees of complexnesss at some phase. Pranav Mistry has been really successful as a originative transformational leader as indicated by the list of undertakings that he completed. 7.2 Synergistic On some of the undertakings that Pranav Mistry worked, he had to interact with kids. One of them was the undertaking Invent ( Projects, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) , which consisted of designing of a programming linguistic communication for kids. This undertaking was conducted under the counsel of Prof. Ravi Poovaiah who had intiated this undertaking. Children were taken as users and the ability to pass on and interact with kids was solicited to plan an intuitive scheduling environment. 7.3 Vision John Kotter cited in Hackman and Johnson ( 2000 ) , stated that an effectual vision is specific plenty to promote inaugural and remains relevant under assortment of conditions . Exposure to the Fieldss like Design and Technology and from Art to Psychology gave Pranav Mistry an interesting point of view to the universe. He loves to see engineering from design position and frailty versa ( About, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) This vision reflects in all his undertakings. For the 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking, his vision is chiefly to leverage our cognition about mundane objects and how one can utilize these objects to interact with the digital universe. 7.4 Authorization Bass ( 1998 ) defined empowerment leading as supplying liberty to one s followings. Furthermore, he stated that As far as possible, followings allowed and encouraged to enable, direct, and command themselves in transporting out their duties in alliance of their ends with the alliance of the leader . As a decision in one of his addresss, Pranav Mistry said that he presented his innovation to assorted companies which showed involvement in developing farther the undertaking, incorporating sign along with speech production interfaces and therefore naming it 6th sense. Furthermore, he wanted to do everyone accessible to his new engineering by supplying them with the necessary information on what elements of hardware are needed and giving them unfastened beginning package to be able to run it. This showed how Pranav Mistry could authorise people as harmonizing to Bass ( 1998 ) , Empowerment is widely touted for its effectivity, peculiarly where followings committedness, trueness, and engagement are sought. Authorization is a merchandise of individualised consideration. 7.5 Passion Hackman and Johnson ( 2000 ) described transformational leaders as passionately committed to their work ; they love their occupations and have similar fondness for the people in their working environment. Pranav Mistry is really passionate about his work as he states that he loves what he does and he does what he loves and even goes to the extent of naming himself a Desigineer . ( www.pranavmistry.com ) When he conducts addresss about his undertakings, his messages reach the audience absolutely as he communicates his vision with passion and intent. The transformational leading study ( www.transformationalleadership.net ) states that transformational leading inspires integrity of being, which makes one s ideas, feelings and actions consistent. It is about taking with an unity and genuineness that resonates with others, and inspires them to follow. 8.0 Wagess of leading A good leader achieves the outstanding recompenses with his leading. Pranav Mistry, in his calling recognizes and recognize his power and how he can utilize his power as a leader. As a leader he is making research in different countries, interacting research workers and the applied scientists to animate them to travel in front. He persuades the applied scientists towards the leading and importance of new engineering in such a manner that 1000s of young persons chose their calling in new engineering and technology. He gave so many illustrations of his accomplishments and awards as an applied scientist and research worker. He expressed the pleasance he gained by take parting with his squad in their undertaking and turn outing the universe that he can make something. He was honored for the many esteemed wagess in his bright calling. He got the award from Digit Magazine as a Young Indian Innovator 2009 , and besides got the wages from engineering reappraisal TR35 2009 award . He besides secured award as a best innovation of the twelvemonth which is given by the popular scientific discipline as Inventions of the twelvemonth 2009 . His leading quality and the squad spirit made it go on to acquire these esteemed wagess. He besides has got the place as the Speaker for TED 2009 to debate on his one of the undertaking at Long Beach in California. He besides got some wagess for his few undertakings that he earned during his academic calling, which are as follows: he got 1st place in Design competition which was organized by IEEE, 1st topographic point in Innovation Fair at India degree for his undertaking called MARBO, 2nd place in website planing organized by ACES, 2nd award in on the topographic point Model Making competition in Techfest atA IIT B ombay. He secured 2nd place in SPACE competition in SIGGRAPH2004 and 3rd topographic point in Creative art competition organized by ISRO. He was besides selected for the DIRUBHAI AMBANI FOUNDATION AWARDA for procuring the 1st place at territory degree [ 2 ] . He has done many undertakings which were incredible, astonishing. These all undertakings were to be completed in the specific clip frame. He achieved these valuable wagess by leading function and his esteemed cognition at airy way to contrive new engineering which helpful to human being. 9.0 Power A ; leading Howe ( 1986 ) stated that, Character is power ; it makes friends, draws backing and support, and opens a certain manner to wealth, honor, and felicity. He has performed as a leading function for one of his undertaking called Sixth sense which attracted planetary attending in twelvemonth 2009. When he was in unmarried mans he visualized some ideas sing the digital universe. He wanted to implement on these thoughts. He could non make this undertaking entirely so he worked with his squad members at MIT Media Lab with his adviser Pattie Meas and other research worker of lab. He was instructed by himself to carry through this undertaking in a specific clip but the major issue was that he has to implement that how we can utilize the 6th sense of ours in the signifier of new engineering and how to use it in existent universe. But as a leader he took the opportunity to do the 6th sense engineering. With limited information, he had under so many force per unit areas from the altering engineering and eventually he and Pattie Maes succeeded in this enterprise. The undertaking was chiefly based on projector, mirror and camera. As he wanted to take these instruments with him everyplace for a presentation. He had to minimise the sizes of projector, mirror and camera. He designed the ready to hand projector that one can take with him everyplace and a little camera. And this effort from Pranav Mistry and his adviser, it seems to be a powerful leader and in-turn goes in front to set up that leading can non be without power but Power can be without leading . 10.0 Leadership addresss Addresss can be chiefly defined as two ways like Powerful address and Powerless address. Language is a mirror indicant for power differences. He ever tries to talk with his follow applied scientists sing new results of the engineering. While on his survey in MIT Media lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology he made a address to his fellow applied scientists that innovation or finds are created because one individual saw it and created it which held in his head and all the forces in the universe brought him to his purpose. So one time you know the purpose you set the end, so put it higher and do it powerful. He so stated that a individual is merely independent when he/she depended non on his/her energy resource. This shows the positive energy or believing from his address and this will animate tonss of immature people to believe positively. Once in his address at TED 2009, he gave them examples that he had worked in his past twenty-four hours with particular engineer. In this manner, he is as a great accurate leader with a powerful address and ever attempts neer to use deficiency of enthusiasm to any portion of his address and he outlined the major statement of belief for leading, such as honestness, goodness, courage, compulsion and dream and so said leaders ca nt travel back to inflexible manner and the decision-making follow up should be replaced with group attempt and giving out. 11.0 Decision Pranav Mistry is a stirring, energetic, positive leader the existent leader with true vision of development of new engineering. By sing all his different undertakings, researches and winning awards he proved that he is a leader every bit good as a successful research worker. This study proved that, he was successful as a leader every bit good as a reputable applied scientist with many researches, undertakings and accomplishments in his calling sing the new result engineering. Servant leading is going more common presents, and it brings about alteration for the better and hence some of our leaders need to be inspired by such a leading manner in order to do the necessary alterations in our societies. After traveling through servant leading, accepting to function instead than to take, Pranav Mistry was meant to go a really successful creative, synergistic, airy, authorising and passionate transformational leader. Most of his cognition and experience throughout his life are reflected in all his undertakings and work. This is chiefly due to the degree of creativeness that he has achieved up to now accompanied with the passion that he shared for engineering since his early ages. The impact of such a leader provides extraordinary motive to followings to open their heads, believing about jobs in different ways. Furthermore, the esteem, trust and regard that some of them shall hold for their leaders will decidedly heighten their accomplishments and abilities to execute better on what they thought they could make. Pranav Mistry can animate his followings and driving them towards accomplishing a common end. He has good leading properties such as difficult working, sound cognition of computing machine technology, good determination shaper, independent mind, good victor, and a high rate of hope from his followings.