The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essays

The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essays The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essay The Problems Of Engineering Leadership And Communication Religion Essay Introduction This sentence is written by a human, a airy technology leader uniting to give what he is known as Pranav Mistry, born in 1981 in Palanpur, which is situated at northern Gujarat in India. Pranav Mistry did his unmarried mans of computing machine technology at Gujarat University from 1999-2003. After the completion of his graduation in unmarried mans of technology, he pursued his Maestro of Design at IDC, IIT Bombay from 2003-2005. He is presently analyzing in Master of Science and PhD at MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Thinking is what I love the most, and fortuitously his work is to come up with new advanced thoughts. He is called as the living dead and he absolutely verifies the stating that the ultimate contemplation of instruction and high grade of excellence is to be sort to zombie human existences. Exposure to Fieldss like design to engineering and from art to psychology gave him a rather nice/interesting point of view to the universe. He loves to see engineering from design position and frailty versa. This vision reflects in about all of his undertakings and research work every bit good. Following will be an account of the technology and leading life of Pranav Mistry. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) 3.0 Career and single activities Human existences are deliberate by their actions and the step of Pranav Mistry s actions is homogenous. Pranav Mistry has transformed the society by send oning his accomplishments to the following degree of engineering. Following the completion of graduation of his technology, He joined at Microsoft India Development Centre as a Undertaking Manager. He was involved in a squad working on different planing undertakings. When he was in 2nd twelvemonth of his unmarried mans of technology, he got some conceptual thoughts on how to associate the digital universe into the physical universe. So he joined the internship with planetary connexion undertaking in 2007. While his internship, he made intelligent gluey notes that can be searched, located and can direct reminders and messages and a pen that can pull in three-dimensional position. Pranav Mistry wanted to scale new highs, so he joined the Media art and Science ( MIT ) , where he worked in assorted undertakings. For illustration, a public map that can move as Google of physical universe and MARBO undertaking. For this work, he secured 1st place in Innovation Fair award at India degree for the undertaking MARBO and secured 1st place for the esteemed Dhirubhai ambani foundation award. In 2008, he started working as a research helper at Fluid Interfaces Group at MIT Media Lab. The few undertakings that were to be approached and completed were thirdEye a new technique that enables multiple viewing audiences to see different things on a same show screen at the same clip, DATAG2.02 a undertaking to research the fresh manner to interact with practical words and systems with unavailability, like a robo on Moon or a crane manus raising immense stones. It was during this work that Pranav Mistry had gained the advantages of working and being involved in squad work sharing the undertakings with squad members. The celebrated Digit magazine in grasp to his work in the computing machine scientific discipline and engineering field. His plant besides included undertakings like ProjectCHILD, TaPuMa, Sunflower, Sandesh, VET, Ghost in the Machine, RoadRunner, Sthiti and Akshar. In 2009, he got the esteemed award, the victor of TR35 2009 from the engineering reappraisal for his one of the most astonishing undertaking called Sixth sense Technology, which attracted the planetary attending which gives as a guidelines that how to do a easy interaction with digital universe all around us. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) 4.0 Engineering leading Harmonizing to Bennis and Howe, Good leaders make people feel that they are at the very bosom of things, non at the fringe. Everyone feels that he or she makes a difference to the success of the organisation. When that happens people feel centered and that gives their work significance. There are many characters exhibited by a successful leader and being an technology leader, qualities like tolerance, doggedness, wisdom, cognition and bravery constitute. The undermentioned brief will hold an impending into some of properties that made as an outstanding technology leader. 5.0 Leaderships and followings The relationship between leaders and followings is of import because both leaders and followings portion mutualist functions. Leaderships find themselves sometimes in the place of the follower and frailty versa. Bolden et Al. ( 2003 ) , explained that a leader should non ever be in front but should besides hold the capacity to follow . Similarly, Pranav Mistry demonstrates that he is non merely a leader but besides a follower through sharing of the technological cognition he develops to each and everyone. In one of his addresss on the 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking, he concluded by stating that he is more interested to take this engineering out to the multitudes instead than maintaining it in the research lab environment. Learning and researching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) research lab under the supervising of Pattie Maes, research worker at the MIT research lab was what motivated him in making so. 6.0 Servant leading Robert K. Greenleaf ( 1970 ) in an essay described that: The servant-leader is servant firstaˆÂ ¦ It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to function, to function foremost. Then witting pick brings one to draw a bead on to take. He or she is aggressively different from the individual who is leader foremost, possibly because of the demand to pacify an unusual power thrust or to get material ownerships. For such it will be a ulterior pick to function after leading is established. The leader-first and the servant-first are two utmost types. Between them there are shadings and blends that are portion of the infinite assortment of human nature. The construct of servant leading which relates to the leader s willingness to function his followings instead than to take is the leading manner Pranav Mistry adopted in most of his undertaking. For case, in the 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking, Pranav Mistry described how this thought of utilizing gestures instead than utilizing computing machine input devices to interact with the digital universe appealed to him during his early surveies. In the same manner that Greenleaf described above, a natural feeling inspired Pranav Mistry to function foremost and take after. He achieved it by demoing how engineering can be adapted to the existent life without holding to larn a common linguistic communication to interact with a physical device. 6.1 Features of servant leading Servant-Leadership is a practical doctrine which supports people who choose to function foremost and so take as a manner of spread outing service to persons and establishments. Servant-leaders may or may non keep formal leading places. Servant-leadership encourages coaction, trust, foresight, hearing, and the ethical usage of power and authorization. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greenleaf.org/ ) For Pranav Mistry to take after, he had to follow the above mentioned doctrine which proved to be good to him. Therefore, for his single public presentation, he collaborated and followed Pattie Maes, research worker at the MIT research lab because: aˆ? Through experience, accomplishment, and judgement, she knew best. aˆ? His growing demanded that she invested more in his accomplishment and assurance than in her ain. aˆ? Merely him, non the leader, has the capacity, clip and chance to acquire it done. ( Katzenbach and Smith, 1994 ) 7.0 Transformational leading Harmonizing to Burns ( 1978 ) , transformational leading occurs when one or more individuals engage with others in such a manner that leaders and followings raise one another to higher degrees of motive and morality . In this context, as a research helper at the MIT media research lab, Pranav Mistry has ever shown that motive was what he relishes through acquisition. Thinking is what he likes the most as stated in his involvements subdivision on his web site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) . Tichy and Devanna ( 1986 ) further developed on the surveies of Burns ( 1978 ) in organisational and work contexts. They stated that the intercrossed nature of transformational leading is not due to charisma but it is a behavioral procedure capable of being learned . Pranav Mistry mentioned in one of his documents, Leonardo found on his web site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) , that knowing how to believe about engineering is a skill one needs to learn oneself the manner we were taught by old new ways of believing such as mathematics, logic, scientific discipline and design . To him, one needs to believe like Leonardo did and he talks for himself excessively by saying that I know how to make something, now I need to larn what to make . Indirectly, traveling through his acquisition procedure, he besides learned how to be a transformational leader. The qualities of transformational leading he acquired are outlined hereunder. 7.1 Creative Hackman and Johnson ( 2000 ) defined transformational leaders as seen to be advanced and foresighted. Creativity is the quality that most prevails in Pranav Mistry as he is invariably bring forthing new thoughts, merchandises and processs. The 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking illustrates how originative he is. The fact that we grew up interacting with objects and unlike computing machines, objects are fun to utilize because attached to them are physical gestures was the first measure of his originative head. He so, integrated the physical universe to the digital universe by utilizing simple equipment ( components a mouse, a webcam, a mirror and colored markers ) that are easy available to develop the 6th sense hardware device. Furthermore, he introduced Band aids: Gluey notes of the twenty-first century characteristics that could be written on a piece of paper and sent to others by utilizing particular user interface that resembled the normal gluey notes. Manipulation of the hardware device was done by sign interface, so that engineering could be easy accessible to everyone without holding to larn how to utilize it. His creativeness pushed him to even travel against his initial thought. Now, integrating of the digital universe to the physical universe interested him, so that existent clip information can be generated through a camera combined with a adenoidal mike. The undertaking iniditree-Technology to multitudes in a meaningful mode ( Pranav Mistry A ; Niranjan Nayak, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) presented originative features of a transformational leader. They anticipated the manner that engineering will be dissipated in India, chiefly in the rural parts and explored the jobs like Accessibility, Awareness, Experience, Illiteracy and Economical solutions that are being solved from a wholly different point of position. They stated that the focal point should non be on work outing the above mentioned jobs but instead on distributing the existent benefits of engineering to multitudes. For case, they described that increasing the handiness of computing machines will non turn out to be productive unless engineering is introduced in a meaningful manner, that is, affecting the practical facet of engineering will do the difference. Experience that a common adult male can derive from utilizing engineering was non considered in the job work outing undertaking. Therefore, in the same article Pranav Mistry with the aid of Niranjan Nayak, identified the figure of assorted jobs and illustrated them by doing usage of sidelong thought, which eventually converged to a proposed solution to this job. However, creativeness can sometimes be associated with hazard of failure, as each originative thought is accompanied by different degrees of complexnesss at some phase. Pranav Mistry has been really successful as a originative transformational leader as indicated by the list of undertakings that he completed. 7.2 Synergistic On some of the undertakings that Pranav Mistry worked, he had to interact with kids. One of them was the undertaking Invent ( Projects, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) , which consisted of designing of a programming linguistic communication for kids. This undertaking was conducted under the counsel of Prof. Ravi Poovaiah who had intiated this undertaking. Children were taken as users and the ability to pass on and interact with kids was solicited to plan an intuitive scheduling environment. 7.3 Vision John Kotter cited in Hackman and Johnson ( 2000 ) , stated that an effectual vision is specific plenty to promote inaugural and remains relevant under assortment of conditions . Exposure to the Fieldss like Design and Technology and from Art to Psychology gave Pranav Mistry an interesting point of view to the universe. He loves to see engineering from design position and frailty versa ( About, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pranavmistry.com ) This vision reflects in all his undertakings. For the 6th sense-a wearable sign interface undertaking, his vision is chiefly to leverage our cognition about mundane objects and how one can utilize these objects to interact with the digital universe. 7.4 Authorization Bass ( 1998 ) defined empowerment leading as supplying liberty to one s followings. Furthermore, he stated that As far as possible, followings allowed and encouraged to enable, direct, and command themselves in transporting out their duties in alliance of their ends with the alliance of the leader . As a decision in one of his addresss, Pranav Mistry said that he presented his innovation to assorted companies which showed involvement in developing farther the undertaking, incorporating sign along with speech production interfaces and therefore naming it 6th sense. Furthermore, he wanted to do everyone accessible to his new engineering by supplying them with the necessary information on what elements of hardware are needed and giving them unfastened beginning package to be able to run it. This showed how Pranav Mistry could authorise people as harmonizing to Bass ( 1998 ) , Empowerment is widely touted for its effectivity, peculiarly where followings committedness, trueness, and engagement are sought. Authorization is a merchandise of individualised consideration. 7.5 Passion Hackman and Johnson ( 2000 ) described transformational leaders as passionately committed to their work ; they love their occupations and have similar fondness for the people in their working environment. Pranav Mistry is really passionate about his work as he states that he loves what he does and he does what he loves and even goes to the extent of naming himself a Desigineer . ( www.pranavmistry.com ) When he conducts addresss about his undertakings, his messages reach the audience absolutely as he communicates his vision with passion and intent. The transformational leading study ( www.transformationalleadership.net ) states that transformational leading inspires integrity of being, which makes one s ideas, feelings and actions consistent. It is about taking with an unity and genuineness that resonates with others, and inspires them to follow. 8.0 Wagess of leading A good leader achieves the outstanding recompenses with his leading. Pranav Mistry, in his calling recognizes and recognize his power and how he can utilize his power as a leader. As a leader he is making research in different countries, interacting research workers and the applied scientists to animate them to travel in front. He persuades the applied scientists towards the leading and importance of new engineering in such a manner that 1000s of young persons chose their calling in new engineering and technology. He gave so many illustrations of his accomplishments and awards as an applied scientist and research worker. He expressed the pleasance he gained by take parting with his squad in their undertaking and turn outing the universe that he can make something. He was honored for the many esteemed wagess in his bright calling. He got the award from Digit Magazine as a Young Indian Innovator 2009 , and besides got the wages from engineering reappraisal TR35 2009 award . He besides secured award as a best innovation of the twelvemonth which is given by the popular scientific discipline as Inventions of the twelvemonth 2009 . His leading quality and the squad spirit made it go on to acquire these esteemed wagess. He besides has got the place as the Speaker for TED 2009 to debate on his one of the undertaking at Long Beach in California. He besides got some wagess for his few undertakings that he earned during his academic calling, which are as follows: he got 1st place in Design competition which was organized by IEEE, 1st topographic point in Innovation Fair at India degree for his undertaking called MARBO, 2nd place in website planing organized by ACES, 2nd award in on the topographic point Model Making competition in Techfest atA IIT B ombay. He secured 2nd place in SPACE competition in SIGGRAPH2004 and 3rd topographic point in Creative art competition organized by ISRO. He was besides selected for the DIRUBHAI AMBANI FOUNDATION AWARDA for procuring the 1st place at territory degree [ 2 ] . He has done many undertakings which were incredible, astonishing. These all undertakings were to be completed in the specific clip frame. He achieved these valuable wagess by leading function and his esteemed cognition at airy way to contrive new engineering which helpful to human being. 9.0 Power A ; leading Howe ( 1986 ) stated that, Character is power ; it makes friends, draws backing and support, and opens a certain manner to wealth, honor, and felicity. He has performed as a leading function for one of his undertaking called Sixth sense which attracted planetary attending in twelvemonth 2009. When he was in unmarried mans he visualized some ideas sing the digital universe. He wanted to implement on these thoughts. He could non make this undertaking entirely so he worked with his squad members at MIT Media Lab with his adviser Pattie Meas and other research worker of lab. He was instructed by himself to carry through this undertaking in a specific clip but the major issue was that he has to implement that how we can utilize the 6th sense of ours in the signifier of new engineering and how to use it in existent universe. But as a leader he took the opportunity to do the 6th sense engineering. With limited information, he had under so many force per unit areas from the altering engineering and eventually he and Pattie Maes succeeded in this enterprise. The undertaking was chiefly based on projector, mirror and camera. As he wanted to take these instruments with him everyplace for a presentation. He had to minimise the sizes of projector, mirror and camera. He designed the ready to hand projector that one can take with him everyplace and a little camera. And this effort from Pranav Mistry and his adviser, it seems to be a powerful leader and in-turn goes in front to set up that leading can non be without power but Power can be without leading . 10.0 Leadership addresss Addresss can be chiefly defined as two ways like Powerful address and Powerless address. Language is a mirror indicant for power differences. He ever tries to talk with his follow applied scientists sing new results of the engineering. While on his survey in MIT Media lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology he made a address to his fellow applied scientists that innovation or finds are created because one individual saw it and created it which held in his head and all the forces in the universe brought him to his purpose. So one time you know the purpose you set the end, so put it higher and do it powerful. He so stated that a individual is merely independent when he/she depended non on his/her energy resource. This shows the positive energy or believing from his address and this will animate tonss of immature people to believe positively. Once in his address at TED 2009, he gave them examples that he had worked in his past twenty-four hours with particular engineer. In this manner, he is as a great accurate leader with a powerful address and ever attempts neer to use deficiency of enthusiasm to any portion of his address and he outlined the major statement of belief for leading, such as honestness, goodness, courage, compulsion and dream and so said leaders ca nt travel back to inflexible manner and the decision-making follow up should be replaced with group attempt and giving out. 11.0 Decision Pranav Mistry is a stirring, energetic, positive leader the existent leader with true vision of development of new engineering. By sing all his different undertakings, researches and winning awards he proved that he is a leader every bit good as a successful research worker. This study proved that, he was successful as a leader every bit good as a reputable applied scientist with many researches, undertakings and accomplishments in his calling sing the new result engineering. Servant leading is going more common presents, and it brings about alteration for the better and hence some of our leaders need to be inspired by such a leading manner in order to do the necessary alterations in our societies. After traveling through servant leading, accepting to function instead than to take, Pranav Mistry was meant to go a really successful creative, synergistic, airy, authorising and passionate transformational leader. Most of his cognition and experience throughout his life are reflected in all his undertakings and work. This is chiefly due to the degree of creativeness that he has achieved up to now accompanied with the passion that he shared for engineering since his early ages. The impact of such a leader provides extraordinary motive to followings to open their heads, believing about jobs in different ways. Furthermore, the esteem, trust and regard that some of them shall hold for their leaders will decidedly heighten their accomplishments and abilities to execute better on what they thought they could make. Pranav Mistry can animate his followings and driving them towards accomplishing a common end. He has good leading properties such as difficult working, sound cognition of computing machine technology, good determination shaper, independent mind, good victor, and a high rate of hope from his followings.

Places in the Iliad - Towns, Cities, Rivers, and More

Places in the Iliad - Towns, Cities, Rivers, and More In this list of places in The Iliad, youll find towns, cities, rivers, and some of the groups of people involved on either the Trojan or Greek side of the Trojan War. Abantes: people from Euboea (island near Athens).Abii: a tribe from the north of Hellas.Abydos: a city near Troy, on the Hellespont.Achaea: mainland Greece.Achelous: a river in northern Greece.Achelous: a river in Asia Minor.Adresteia: a town north of Troy.Aegae: in Achaea, location of Poseidons underwater palace.Aegialus: a town in Paphlagonia.Aegilips: a region of Ithaca.Aegina: an island off the Argolid.Aegium: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Aenus: a town in Thrace.Aepea: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Aesepus : a river flowing near Troy from Mt. Ida to the sea.Aetolians: those living in Aetolia, an area of north-central Greece.Aipy: a town ruled by Nestor.Aisyme: a town in Thrace.Aithices: the inhabitants of a region of Thessaly.Alesium: a town of the Epeians (in northern Peloponnese).Alope: a town in Pelasgian Argos.Alos: a town in Pelasgian Argos.Alpheius: a river in the Peloponnese: near Thryoessa.Alybe: a town of the Halizoni.Amphigenea: a town ruled by Nestor.Amydon: a town of the Pae onians (in north-eastern Greece). Amyclae: a town of Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Anemorea: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Anthedon: a town in Boeotia.Antheia: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Antrum: a town in Thessaly.Apaesus: a town to the north of Troy.Araethyrea: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Arcadia: a region in central Peloponnese.Arcadians: inhabitants of Arcadia.Arene: a town ruled by Nestor.Argissa: a town in Thessaly.Argives: see Achaeans.Argolid: area in the north-west Peloponnese.Argos : town in northern Peloponnese ruled by Diomedes.Argos: a large area ruled by Agamemnon.Argos: a general term for the homeland of Achaeans generally (i.e., mainland Greece and Peloponnese).Argos: a region in north-east Greece, part of the kingdom of Peleus (sometimes called Pelasgian Argos).Arimi: people living in theregion where the monster Typhoeus lies underground.Arisbe: a town on the Hellespont, north of Troy.Arne: a town in Boeotia; home of Menesthius.Ascania: a region in Phrygia.Asine: a town in the Argolid.Asopus: a ri ver in Boeotia. Aspledon: a city of the Minyans.Asterius: a town in Thessaly.Athens: a town in Attica.Athos: promontory in northern Greece.Augeiae: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Augeiae: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Aulis: the place in Boeotia where the Achaean fleet assembled for the Trojan expedition.Axius: a river in Paeonia (in north-eastern Greece).Batieia: a mound in the plain in front of Troy (also called tomb of Myrine).Bear: constellation (also called the Wain): depicted on Achilles shield.Bessa: a town in Locris (in central Greece) (2.608).Boagrius: a river in Locris (in central Greece).Boebea: name of a lake andtown in Thessaly.Boeotia: a region of central Greece whose men are part of Achaean forces.Boudeum: original home of Epeigeus (Achaean warrior).Bouprasium: a region in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Bryseae: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Cadmeians: citizens of Thebes in Boeotia.Calliarus: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Callicolone: a hill near Troy. Calydnian Islands: islands in the Aegean Sea. Calydon: a town in Aetolia.Cameirus: a town in Rhodes.Cardamyle: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Caresus: a river from Mount Ida to the sea.Carians: inhabitants ofCaria (a region of Asia Minor), allies of the Trojans.Carystus: a town in Euboea.Casus: an island in the Aegean Sea.Caucones: people of Asia Minor, Trojan allies.Caystrios: a river in Asia Minor.Celadon: a river on the borders of Pylos.Cephallenians: troops in Odysseus contingent (part of Achaean army).Cephisia: lake in Boeotia.Cephissus: a river in Phocis.Cerinthus: a town in Euboea.Chalcis : town in Euboea.Chalcis: a town in Aetolia.Chryse: a town near Troy.Cicones: Trojan allies from Thrace.Cilicians: people ruled by Eà «tion.Cilla: a town near Troy.Cleonae: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Cnossus: large city in Crete.Copae: a town in Boeotia.Corinth: a city on the isthmus dividing mainland Greece and the Peloponnese, part of Agamemnons kingdom, also called Ephyre.Coronea: a town in Boeotia.Cos: an island in the Aegean Sea.Cranae: an island where Paris took Helen after abducting her from Sparta. Crapathus: an island in the Aegean Sea.Cretans: inhabitants of the island of Crete, led by Idomeneus.Cromna: a town in PaphlagoniaCrisa: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Crocylea: a region of Ithaca.Curetes: people living in Aetolia.Cyllene: a mountain in Arcadia (in central Peloponnese); home of Otus.Cynus: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Cyparisseis: a town ruled by Nestor.Cyparissus: a town in Phocis.Cyphus: a town in northern Greece.Cythera: the place of origin of Amphidamas; original home of Lycophron.Cytorus: a town in Paphlagonia.Danaans: see Achaeans.Dardanians: people from around Troy, led by Aeneas.Daulis: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Dium: a town in Euboea.Dodona: a town in north west Greece.Dolopes: people given to Phoenix to rule by Peleus.Dorium: a town ruled by Nestor.Doulichion: an island off the west coast of mainland Greece.Echinean Islands: islands off west coast of mainland Greece.Eilesion: a town in Boeotia.Eionae: a town in the Argolid.Eleans: p eople inhabiting the Peloponnese. Eleon: a town in Boeotia.Elis: a region in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Elone: a town in Thessaly.Emathia: Hera goes there on the way to visit Sleep.Enetae: a town in Paphlagonia.Enienes: the inhabitants of a region in northern Greece.Enispe: a town in Arcadia (in central Peloponnese).Enope: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Epeians: part of the Achaean contingent, inhabitants of northern Peloponnese.Ephyra : a town in north-west Greece.Ephyra: alternate name for Corinth: home of Sisyphus.Ephyrians: people in Thessaly.Epidaurus: a town in the Argolid.Eretria: a town in Euboea.Erithini: a town in Paphlagonia.Erythrae: a town in Boeotia.Eteonus: a town in Boeotia.Ethiopians: Zeus visits them .Euboea: a large island close to mainland of Greece on the east:.Eutresis: a town in Boeotia.Gargaros: a peak on Mount Ida.Glaphyrae: a town in Thessaly.Glisas: a town in Boeotia.Gonoessa: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Graea: a town in Boeotia.Granicus: a river flowing from Mount Ida to the sea.Gygean Lake: a lake in Asia Minor: birth region of Iphition. Gyrtone: a town in Thessaly.Haliartus: a town in Boeotia.Halizoni: Trojan allies.Harma: a town in Boeotia.Helice: a town ruled by Agamemnon; site of worship of Poseidon.Hellas: a region of Thessaly ruled by Peleus (Achilles father).Hellenes: the inhabitants of Hellas.Hellespont: narrow stretch of water between Thrace and the Troad (separating Europe from Asia).Helos: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Helos: a town ruled by Nestor.Heptaporus: a river flowing from Mount Ida to the sea.Hermione: a town in the Argolid.Hermus: a river in Maeonia, birthplace of Iphition.Hippemolgi: distant tribe.Hire: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Histiaea: a town in Euboea.Hyades: heavenly constellation: depicted on Achilles shield.Hyampolis: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Hyde: birthplace of Iphition (Trojan warrior).Hyle: a town in Boeotia; home of Oresbius and Tychius.Hyllus: a river in Asia Minor near the birthplace of Iphition.Hyperea: site of a spring in Thessaly.Hyperesia: a town ruled by A gamemnon. Hyria: a town in Boeotia.Hyrmine: a town in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Ialysus: a town in Rhodes.Iardanus: a river in the Peloponnese.Icaria: an island in the Aegean Sea.Ida: a mountain near Troy.Ilion: another name for Troy.Imbros: an island in the Aegean Sea.Iolcus: a town in Thessaly.Ionians: people of Ionia.Ithaca: an island off westcoast of Greece, home of Odysseus.Ithome: a town in Thessaly.Iton: a town in Thessaly.Las: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Lacedaemon: the area ruled by Menelaus (in south Peloponnese).Lapith: the inhabitants of a region of Thessaly.Larissa: a town near Troy.Leleges: the inhabitants of a region in northern Asia Minor.Lemnos: an island in the north-eastern Aegean Sea.Lesbos: an island in the Aegean.Lilaea: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Lindus: a city in Rhodes.Locrians: men from Locris in central Greece.Lycastus: a town in Crete.Lycia/Lycians: a region of Asia Minor.Lyctus: a city in Crete.Lyrnessus: a city captured by Achilles, wher e he took Briseis captive. Macar: king of islands south of Lesbos.Maeander: a river in Caria (in Asia Minor).Maeonia: a region of Asia Minor south of Troy.Maeonians: inhabitants of a region of Asia Minor, Trojan allies.Magnetes: inhabitants of Magnesia in northern Greece.Mantinea: a town in Arcadia.Mases: a town in the Argolid.Medeon: a town in Boeotia.Meliboea: a town in Thessaly.Messe: a town in Lacedaemon ruled by Menelaus.Messeis: a spring in Greece.Methone: a town in Thessaly.Midea: a town in Boeotia.Miletus : a city in Crete.Miletus: a city in Asia Minor.Minyeà ¯us: a river in Peloponnese.Mycale: a mountain in Caria,in Asia Minor.Mycalessus: a town in Boeotia.Mycenae: a city in the Argolid ruled by Agamemnon.Myrine: see Batieia.Myrmidons: troops from Thessaly under command of Achilles.Myrsinus: a town in Epeia, in northern Peloponnese.Mysians: Trojan allies.Neritum: a mountain in Ithaca.Nisa: a town in Boeotia.Nisyrus: an island in the Aegean Sea.Nysa: a mountain associated with Dionysus.Ocalea: a town in Boeotia. Oceanus (Ocean): god of the river surrounding the earth.Oechalia: a city in Thessaly.Oetylus: a town in Lacedaemon, ruled by Menelaus.Olene: a large rock in Elis.Olenus: a town in Aetolia.Olizon: a town in Thessaly.Oloà ¶sson: a town in Thessaly.Olympus: a mountain where the major gods (the Olympians) live.Onchestus: a town in Boeotia.Opoeis: the place where Menoetius and Patroclus came from.Orchomenus: a city in central Greece.Orchomenus: a city in Acadia.Orion: a heavenly constellation: depicted on Achilles shield.Ormenius: a town in Thessaly.Orneae: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Orthe: a town in Thessaly.Paeonia: a region in northern Greece.Panopeus: a town in Phocis (in central Greece); home of Schedius.Paphlagonians: Trojan allies.Parrhasia: a town in Arcadia.Parthenius: a river in Paphlagonia.Pedaeum: the home of Imbrius.Pedasus: a town near Troy: home of Elatos.Pedasus: a city ruled by Agamemnon.Pelasgia: a region near Troy.Pelion: a mountain in mainland Greece: home of the centa urs. Pellene: a town ruled by Agamemnon.Peneus: a river in northern Greece.Peraebians: inhabitants of a region in north-west Greece.Percote: a town north of Troy; home of Pidytes.Perea: the place where Apollo bred horses of Admetus.Pergamus: the high citadel of Troy.Peteon: a town in Boeotia.Phaestus : town in Crete.Pharis: a town in Peloponnese.Pheia: a town in the Peloponnese.Pheneus: a town in Arcadia.Pherae : city in Thessaly.Pherae: a city in southern Peloponnese.Phlegyans: fighting against Ephyreans.Phocis: territory of Phoceans (part of the Achaean contingent), in central Greece.Phrygia: a region of Asia Minor inhabited by Phrygians, allies of the Trojans.Phthia: a region in south Thessaly (in northern Greece), home of Achilles and his father Peleus.Phthires: a region in Carian Asia Minor.Phylace: a town in Thessaly; home of Medon.Pieria: Hera goes there on the way to Sleep.Pityeia: a town to the north of Troy.Placus: a mountain by Thebe, city near Troy.Plataea: a town in Boeotia.P leiades: a heavenly constellation: depicted on Achilles shield. Pleuron: a town in Aetolia; home of Andraemon, Portheus, and Ancaeus.Practius: a town to the north of Troy.Pteleum: a town ruled by Nestor.Pteleum: a town in Thessaly.Pylene: a town in Aetolia.Pylians: residents of Pylos.Pylos: area in south Peloponnese, and central city in that area, ruled by Nestor.Pyrasus: a town in Thessaly.Pytho: a town in Phocis (in central Greece).Rhesus: a river flowing from Mount Ida to the sea.Rhipe:  ¨town in Arcadia.Rhodes: a large island in the eastern Mediterranean.Rhodius: a river from Mount Ida to the sea: stirred up by Poseidon and Apollo to destroy the wall.Rhytium: a town in Crete.Salamis: an island off mainland Greece, home of Telamonian Ajax.Samos: an island off west coast of mainland Greece, ruled by Odysseus.Samos: an island in northern Aegean Sea.Samothrace: an island in the Aegean Sea: Poseidons view point on the battle.Sangarius: a river in Phyrgia; home of Asius.Satnioeis: a river near Troy; home of Altes.Scaean Gates: the major gates thr ough the Trojan walls. Scamander: a river outside Troy (also called the Xanthus).Scandia: the home of Amphidamas.Scarphe: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Schoenus: a town in Boeotia.Scolus: a town in Boeotia.Scyros: an island in the Aegean: Achilles son being raised there.Selleà ¯s: a river in north-west Greece.Selleà ¯s: a river north of Troy.Sesamus: a town in Paphlagonia.Sestos: a town on the north side of the Hellespont.Sicyon: a town ruled by Agamemnon; home of Echepolus.Sidon: a city in Phoenicia.Simoeis: a river near Troy.Sipylus: a mountain area where Niobe still exists.Solymi: a tribe in Lycia: attacked by Bellerophon.Sparta: a city in Lacedaemon, home of Menelaus and (originally) Helen.Spercheus: a river, father of Menesthius, after copulating with Polydora.Stratie: a town in Arcadia.Stymphelus: a town in Arcadia.Styra: a town in Euboea.Styx: a special underground river on which gods swear their oaths: Titaressus a branch of the Styx.Syme: an island in the Aegean Sea.Tarne: a city in Maeon ia.Tarphe: a town in Locris (in central Greece). Tartarus: a deep pit below the earth.Tegea: a town in Arcadia.Tenedos: an island a short distance off the coast from Troy.Tereia: a mountain to the north of Troy.Thaumachia: a town in Thessaly.Thebe: a city near Troy.Thebes: a city in Boeotia.Thebes: a city in Egypt.Thespeia: a town in Boeotia.Thisbe: a town in Boeotia.Thrace: a region north of the Hellespont.Thronion: a town in Locris (in central Greece).Thryoessa: a city in war between Pylians and Epeians.Thryum: a town ruled by Nestor.Thymbre: a town near Troy.Timolus: a mountain in Asia Minor, near Hyde.Tiryns: a city in the Argolid.Titanus: a town in Thessaly.Titaressus: a river in north-western Greece, a branch of the river Styx.Tmolus: a mountain in Meonia.Trachis: a town in Pelasgian Argos.Tricca: a town in Thessaly.Troezene: a town in the Argolid.Xanthus: a river in Lycia (Asia Minor).Xanthus: a river outside Troy, also called the Scamander, also the god of the river.Zacynthus: an island off the west coast of Greece, part of the area ruled by Odysseus. Zeleia: a town close to Troy, on lower slopes of Mt. Ida. Source: Glossary for the Iliad, by Ian Johnston

Comparative LawHistory the medieval english coroner system Essay

Comparative LawHistory the medieval english coroner system - Essay Example The other purpose this move served was that it worked as a solution to the problem of the Sheriffs' control on the peasants, and this made it look like a reform-oriented action. The sheriff was the officer designated by the King to oversee law and order in every county. In his being the legal authority of a county, the office of the sheriff allowed him all the scope to manipulate law for his own benefit. The notoriety of the sheriffs for extortion and misappropriation of funds at the King's expense, as well as the scope of the abuse of power which their office permitted, is what Hubert was aware of, and that is what prompted him to set up a network of law officers that were under the supervision of neither the sheriff, nor the Justices of the Peace. Thus came to being the office of the coroner. The Article 20 of the "Articles of Eyre", from the Eyre of September held in the County of Kent in 1194, is the decree that formally established the Coroners. The article stated that: "In ever y county of the King's realm shall be elected three knights and one clerk, to keep the pleas of the Crown" To each county, thus, were assigned three coroners and a clerk who carried the "Coroner's Rolls", although the clerk's office too was later to be replaced by another, a fourth coroner. The coroner's duties were not with a reward in terms of money: they were never paid for their services to the crown, and it was an offence for them to receive any rewards by virtue of their office. To keep them from indulging in embezzlement, to prevent which was why their office came to being, Walter decree that their appointment was dependent on a certain property level, and a least of an income twenty pounds a year. The Medieval Coroner: Duties The coroner's main duties were twin-pronged; he was the tax-collector as well as the person who would keep a criminal record of territories that came under the jurisdiction of the Royal Courts of Law. The general Eyre was the body that would go around the kingdom, primarily taking stock of the misbehaviours of the subjects. The subjects were required to keep a track of all the incidents that have occurred in this account and relate them with complete honesty to the coroner. The coroner would note these down, and hand them over to the General Eyre; the Justices in the Eyre would hand out fines and punishments. The coroner takes on the role of a tax-collector because the large fines, the amercements, were viewed more as a kind of tax than as a way of punishment by the people. As has previously been mentioned, this was also the primary manner in which large revenues were being collected for the Royal Treasury. The ability to extract these sums was largely dependent on the details provi ded by the coroner. This ensured his presence in all kinds of events where fines, sureties and taxes could be levied, and property and goods be forfeited. This role of the coroner has taken a backseat and his second main duty that of investigating unnatural and suspicious deaths makes the coroner's identity today; sudden deaths, accidental deaths, natural deaths, suicides, murder and manslaughter, all these came under the coroner's duties. Medieval England also saw the coroner in charge of associated crimes

Federal Funding of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Paper

Federal Funding of Human Embryonic Stem Cell - Research Paper Example During the reign of President Bush, federal funding of human embryonic stem cell research stood banned since the administration opposed the practice. Even though the federal government does not fund research that involves the creation of embryos for purposes of research, President Obama’s administration lifted the ban. The federal government funds researchers that make use of embryos created in vitro fertilization but have stayed unused. However, the move by the federal government to provide funding for human embryonic stem cell research encourages other unethical practices such as abortion. Since these scientists remain prohibited from creating embryos for the research, they would turn to other alternatives to obtaining embryos. The justification used for the research would be that embryos couldn’t be considered human. This justification is likely to be used by unethical practitioners to support their misdemeanors, for instance, those conducting the abortion. Causes of the problem James Thomson initiated the human embryonic stem cell research in 1998. Several reasons became presented for the initiation of this research on the basis that stem cells have the potential to save lives. One such cause for embryonic stem cell research would be the development of rubella and polio as a resource for developing national policy and for local institutional review boards. This became founded on the premise that the research would develop considerable biomedical knowledge not obtainable by other methods. This problem intensified due to the impact of laws on the situation stem cell research developed. The Congress under President Reagan’s reelection in 1993 nullified the requirement for approval by the Ethics Advisory Board (EAB) on embryonic stem cell research. In addition, the Congress lifted a moratorium on federal funding of embryo research, which later became banned by the 1996 Congress (Holland et al. 27-29).

Symbolism in a Life Journey Essay Example for Free

Symbolism in a Life Journey Essay In the two short stories, â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty and† I Used to Live Here Once† by Jean Rhys, Symbolism within their Journey is used to describe an experience in life. The two authors use very similar methods to tell their story as well as journeys through their life. They were both written in third person point of view, and focus on the journey of a woman. â€Å"A Worn Path† and â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† both involve a main character, in both it is a woman, and other characters along with symbols and setting that help draw out traits of the main character and add meaning to the theme as their journey unfolds. While â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† is about someone past death already, â€Å"A Worn Path† is similar in that Phoenix is fighting old age and death. A motif will also describe two opposing forces; the battle between good and evil. The writing styles of Eudora Welty and Jean Rhys will be compared to one another in order to take a closer look at what methods and styles were used to convey meaning in their stories. Basic information about the two authors will also be covered in order to give some back ground to each story. The back ground of an author can give a reader an idea about what they may have been seeing, or experiencing in life when they wrote the story. Eudora Welty was born on April 13, 1909 in Jackson, Mississippi. Welty went to multiple Universities such as Mississippi College for Women and the University of Wisconsin where she studied English Literature. She also studied advertising at Columbia University in New York. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and was the first living author to have her work published with the Library of America. She was also a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, on top of won Guggenheim Fellowships. (MDAH, 2003). Her short story, â€Å"A Worn Path† was published in 1941 and was known and one of her greatest works. â€Å"A Worn Path† is a short story involving an elderly black woman, Phoenix Jackson, and her journey through the woods to get medicine for her sick grandson. Her grandson had swallowed lye a few years prior. The author uses setting and character to give the reader an understanding of the story. Throughout her journey she experiences many obstacles that may deter her from continuing on her journey into town. Phoenix’s sacrificial love shines, when she faces these with bravery and wisdom and continues on her way. In the story â€Å"A Worn Path† Phoenix is one that endures many challenges. She is a symbol of perseverance, stamina, and life when faced with hardship and struggle. The story has a mythological tone to it. A Phoenix is an sacred Egyptian bird that symbolizes resurrection. A Phoenix is also a symbol for great longevity, and rebirth (Ferber, 1999). According to Ferber, â€Å"It can [also] symbolize the death and resurrection of Christ or of a Christian soul. cited in Ferber, 1999). Phoenix, according to our text, symbolizes renewal; and her blue aged eyes, age symbolizes peacefulness. (cited in Clugston, 2010). The story is set during the Christmas season and has some Christian symbolism as well. Her selfless devotion to her grandson can be interpreted as representing the true spirit of giving and sacrificial love. Christmas is the â€Å"birth† of the sun ou t of darkness (Ferber, 1999). Similar to Phoenix, Christmas is a symbol for birth, the birth of Christ. Within â€Å"A Worn Path† there is also a lot of symbols for death. When Phoenix makes it through the barbed-wire, she feels safe, but ironically is surrounded by symbols of death; â€Å"Big dead trees, like black men with one arm. † (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path†, paragraph 16). She also sees a buzzard, which a symbol of death (buzzards, eats the dead). As she continues along her journey, she passes through dead corn, and even believes to see a ghost. Phoenix responds, who be you the ghost of? For I have heard of nary death close by. (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path†, paragraph 23). Many of the symbols throughout the story can be obvious, but many are not. Not only Phoenix being an elder lady, but many other things points to Phoenix living through slavery. One example is the symbolism of the marble cake. After she crosses the creek and sits down, she notices a boy who looks to be offering her a slice of marble-cake on a plate. However, when Phoenix reached for the cake, she realized she was just grabbing at the air. The marble-cake could be a symbol of a future with no racism because of the two colors swirled together within the cake: black and white. In her old age she is also in touch with nature. There are many times she talks to the animals. She yells out, â€Å"Out of my way all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and whild animal! Keep out from under these feet, little bob-whites. Keep the bi wild hogs out of my path. Don’t let none of those come running my direction . I got a long way. † (cited in Clugston, 2010). The elderly Phoenix Jackson has a great amount of love for her grandson. The story emphasizes her devotion and love to the little boy because she never stopped or turned around when faced with a problem. Many points throughout her journey, she stops and speaks to herself in short bursts on monologue, almost as a pep talk to herself. One conflict Phoenix encounters is after falling into a ditch, a hunter helps her out, while his dog chases the other dog off. When the hunter is dealing with the dogs, Phoenix picks up a nickel that he had dropped. He then tells her to go home, because walking into town was to far for her. She refuses to listen and tells the hunter that she set out to go to town, and that is where she is going to go. The hunter points his gun at her, and â€Å"she stood straight up and faced him† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path, paragraph 51). Surprisingly, she was not scared. When he seen she wasn’t nervous, he asked if the gun scared her and she replied â€Å"No, sir, I seen plenty go off closer by, in my day, and for less than what I done,† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path, paragraph 53). â€Å"A Worn Path† shows the love and devotion that a grandmother has towards her grandchild(ren). It shows how a person can be undaunted by the various problems that they may encounter in there walk through life. It also touches on the racism issue that has plagued Mississippi for several generations. It shows the poverty of the elderly woman. The story describes the elderly woman’s devotion to her grandson in fine detail. Jean Rhys’ birth name was Gwendolyn Rees Williams. Rhys was born in the West Indies, in Roseau, Dominica on August 24, 1890. She completed schooling in England while living with her aunt. She later got married and lived in Europe. She had multiples failed marriages, as well as a son that died at a young age, as well as a daughter. Jean Rhys later died in Exeter, England on May 14, 1979 (Savory, 1998). While attending school in England she was constantly teased because of her accent and because she was considered an outsider. Her parents wanted her to return to the Caribbean and she refused. She worked as a chorus girl using the names Vivienne, Emma, or Ella Gray. During her life she experienced several problems. She had a son that died young, a daughter, and was married three times with none of the marriages going well. Jean Rhys died in Exeter, England on May 14, 1979 (Savory, 1998) Rhys’ writing were supported by a famous English author Ford Maddox Ford. Many of her writings reflected mistreated and helpless females from when she was growing up. She was also dealt with depression and faced many trials and tribulations that contributed to her work. While living in England, Rhys may have dealt with issues of feeling out of place. She was teased and picked on because of her accent. This could have led her to also feel like she is stuck in between two worlds similar to what her character in â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† did. Jean Rhys’ short story, I Used to Live Here Once, was published in 1979. The author uses setting and character throughout the story. The story speaks of a woman visiting her old home. She visits the pond, describing each stone in detail. She then sees children playing and attempts to interact with them, although they do not respond. In the end, the use of characters helps conclude the story, showing the narrators view was from beyond death. When the woman approached the house she felt excited and noticed that some things were missing or were still there just like she remembered when she lived there. She started to feel strange when she noticed a car parked in front of the house (Clugston, 2010). When the woman gets to the house there are two white children playing and she attempts to tell them that she had lived there once. She said hello to the children three times (Clugston, 2010). The children didn’t acknowledge her. In the end, the main question is why the children ignored her. It seems like the woman is a ghost and did not realize it. Jean Rhys did not have a very strong attachment to where she grew up. Dominica was still somewhat important to her throughout her life because she often wrote about it in her work. While she was living in Dominica, she was cut off from the Creole community. Maybe she was writing herself into the story to show how she felt disconnected throughout her life. She was close enough to the children that she could have touched them. She stretched her arms out wanting to touch them. The young boy turned with his gray eyes and looked straight into her eyes. He said, â€Å"hasn’t it gone cold all of a sudden† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once, Paragraph 8). He suggested to the little girl that they go inside the house and she agreed. When the author mentions â€Å"cold†, this is a clue that the character is dealing with life after death. Many people say, when there is a ghost around, it is cold. As the woman watched the children run over the grass to the house she dropped her arms to her sides. The story ends with the statement â€Å"that was the first time she knew† (cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once, Paragraph 11). That statement alone gives the impression that she is either dead and has just realized it and she feels very alienated. Throughout the story, there are several subtle hints that lead the reader to think the woman is dead. The two short stories that were written by Eudora Welty â€Å"A Worn Path† and by Jean Rhys â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† both show the symbolism of a journey through life. Eudora Welty goes into fine detail in describing the elderly woman’s love and devotion for her grandson in â€Å"A Worn Path†. Jean Rhys uses the experiences and feelings that she has had in her life to set the mood in her story â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once†. The two authors use very similar methods in telling their stories. Both women use the experience of a journey as a symbol of their life experience. Throughout these two stories, multiple symbols are used to explain both life and death. In A Worn Path Phoenix is an elderly women who has lived a life of wisdom and experience. Phoenix shows sacrificial love when she faces many obstacles, none of which stop her from doing what she can to help her grandson. However, on the other hand, there is a lot more left unknown in I Used to Live Here Once. The two short stories that are told in third person, deal with death in one way or another. Phoenix faces multiple signs of death throughout her journey into the city. The women in â€Å"I Used to Live Here Once† seems to be past death already, and is facing the realization that she is no longer living.

solar energy Essay -- essays research papers

Solar Energy All life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. Scientists have found a way to use God’s natural light towards the advantage of our daily lives. The affects of this idea revolutionary, results of solar power could lead to a more modernized society and efficient economy. Solar energy is a term that usually means the direct use of sunlight to produce heat or electric power. Solar technology is improving rapidly. Someday, it may provide a clean and abundant source of power. Solar energy is a very useful resource. Today 80% of the energy we use comes from fossil fuels and about 1% comes from solar energy. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable, that means that they are used up faster than they could be replaced. Also fossil fuels limited and cause pollution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, there has been talk about creating a whole livable society in which all essential sources of man-made energy, which is virtually pollution-free and affordable, seems impossible. Although such a concept seems like science fiction today, real efforts are underway to assure that by the late 21st century, what once seemed like a dream, will soon be reality. Cars will soon have no use for fuel and will be powered by solar energy. There are also plans to manufacture solar powered homes. By doing this families can cut electricity...

Religion and Education Essay

In this aper, I will discuss and explain the influence of religion and education on societies since the beginning of mankind. 1) Religion deals with almost all aspects of human life. 2) History cannot be taught in education without the mention of religious influences on civilizations. 3) The role of religion in public education is not limited to America alone, since the beginning of mankind every civilization has shown some type of evolution within their religious and educational institutions. There are several examples from different parts of the world to prove how widespread the problem is. ) All societies and civilizations are made up of individuals that belong to families. Families are the core of all societies and the religious choices of each family will society as a whole. 1) It may have influence in education, marriage, work, and even food. â€Å"American religious education, as a kind of spiritual support, has been playing a supportive role in Americans’ outlook on life, the realization of life value, the shaping of personality, ethic concepts and national spirit. It’s important role is manifested in the economic and political fields. † (MENG Xianxia/Cross-cultural Communication Vol. No. 2 1001, p. 231) Religion influence many aspects of day to day issues such as life choices, dress, and education. As shown in the article, â€Å"Religious Experience and Progressive Education,† published in the American Educational History Journal by Jared R. Stallones, â€Å"A recent survey by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life revealed that fully eighty-four percent of Americans identify themselves as adherents ofa specific religion. Eighty-eight percent are absolutely or fairly certain of the existence of God or a universal spirit, including fifteen percent of self-identified atheists. Eighty-two percent of the population considers religion to be very or somewhat important in their lives, and seventy-five percent of Americans, including ten percent of atheists, prayed at least once per week. † (p33) This demonstrates how religion is an important entity in the daily lives of many. This is because religions deal with the human life as a whole. For centuries people have searched for the meaning and truth of their own nature and the nature of the universe, religions are the result. We view religions as communities of people who share practices and beliefs, who gather together in special buildings to worship, and ho have a special way of living. More than three-quarters of the world’s population consider themselves members of some kind of religion. Religion influences almost all aspects of human life. It may have influence in education, marriage, work, and even food. ) The United States was founded on the principles of religion, the citizens of this country can practice whatever religion they like without being persecuted. The liberties provided under the Constitution allow individuals to practice their religious beliets openly and without Judgment. These beliets provide guidance and structure in the lives of these individuals. After the founding of the United States, although the Constitution clearly regulates â€Å" secularism†, religions in America are always closely intertwined with the process of American history, and play a huge impact on the political, economic, legal and cultural fields. American sociologist Richard Newhouse said, â€Å"A basic fact about the United States is that Americans themselves claim that most of them are Christian and the moral foundations of American society are Jewish-Christian morality Just as non-Christian believe. † (Zhang, 2007, p. 13) (MENG Xianxia/Cross-cultural Communication Vol. 7. No. 2, 2011). There are thousands of religions and thousand more subdivisions of those. Religions are divided mainly into ancient and modern religions. Not to say that the â€Å"modern† religions Just originated in the past couple years, Just they are still practiced in present times. Some of the ancient religions include Egyptian, Zoroastria, Greek, Norse, and Celtic. (Source and Cite) 3) People have been shunned, ostracized, sacrificed, and killed because of their religious beliefs. These acts take place because individuals have different views. There are several examples from different parts of the world to prove how idespread the problem is. American society is a blend of secularized and religious elements. Anderson (2004) noted that these two elements have always posed a dilemma for public education. The struggle is how to accommodate both of these societal characteristics. He pointed out that the secular nature of American public culture and its underlying pluralistic character are important aspects of the context for our system of education. The role of religion in public education is not limited to America alone. There are several examples from different parts of the world to prove how widespread the problem is. Thomas (2006) reported a case in France in which a Muslim girl was expelled for wearing a traditional Islamic headscarf. The President supported the move saying that religion should not be permitted in public schools. Islamic leaders protested that the ban was prejudicial, singling out Muslims for discriminatory practices. Hinsliff (2004) reported an interesting controversy in which Christian evangelists in England wanted to have the strengthening of faith teaching in schools. They dropped the idea when†¦ 4) Families are the core of all societies and the religious choices of each family will affect society as a whole. The religious choices of a family will influence an individual’s decisions that will in turn affect society as a whole. What in individual puts out into society will come back as their decision and actions affect society as a whole. Religion is an important entity in the lives of many. According to the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, â€Å"Religious freedom includes the right to assemble for private and public worship, determine the conditions of membership, give religious instructions, preach its message publicly, and publish and circulate religious material† (International Religious Freedom, Sec. (3) Article 18). The United States is one of the nations with most fantastic religious background, and in reality religion and religious education permeates all aspects of American life. Religion lies in American family education, school education, political activities and social life, playing a role that cannot be ignored. (MENG Abstract p. l) Conclusion: Although religion has been and is a heated topic at times and since the beginning of mankind, we cannot deny the fact, the influence it has had in educational institutions through the development of all civilizations, I teel that this is a great thing. ou will not get very tar into any educational issues without somehow bumping into religious themes. † Marty goes on to explains in Christianity and its legacy in education that â€Å"We Americans are taught to think of American society as a secular one in which religion does not count for much, and our educational system is organized in such a way that religious concerns often receive little a ttention. But if you think for a moment, you may realize that a better question is, where does religion not come into all this? (Burke and Segal p. 631). To have religion thwarting together with education is what gives us history. It is what takes us to the next point in life. It gives us guidance and even sometimes warnings. As a young boy that has been brought up in the ministry and to see how religion has played a key role in my life and education†¦ ‘ applaud this. It is known that religion and education has been around for thousands of years and I believe it will continue for many more. From teaching your grandson to assemble a tomahawk to worshipping the Greek god of war, people show religion and education in many different ways. As, David P. Setran referenced in the Teachers College Record article More Religion in Education and More Education in Religion†: Liberal Progressivism and the Educational â€Å"Common Faith,† 1917-1940, â€Å"The Kingdom of God proved to be a powerful image of the ideal democracy and a powerful representation of religion and education working together to build a better world. It is recommended that future scholars continue to look in other parts of the country and among other individuals to trace these powerful cooperative relation, thus restoring the place of religion as an important source and ally of progressive education. † (p. l, abstract) (Teachers College Record, vl 14 nl 2012. 29pp. Religion and education have been wedded in western culture for as long as schools have existed, and as long as religious diversity and democratic decision-making endure in American society, then struggles between and about religion and education will continue in American schools (Religious Experience and Progressive Education,† published in the American Educational History Journal by Jared R. Stallones, p33. ) Religion and education has been around for thousands of years and it will continue for many more.

People Management Case Study

The SITUATION: the Ben Brooks’ dilemma Ben Brook, 43 years old, a solid professional with 20 years of experience at Livingstone Corp. , is extremely disappointed for not having been promoted CEO of his company. For the first time in his life, he is reflecting about his personal and professional history and choices, trying to get some lessons for the future. He considers quitting his company for a CEO job in another one. The FACTS: Ben Brooks’ personal and professional life Our starting point will be to understand (through a 3 pages letter) who Ben is as a person, and as a professional.We can deduce several key personality clues, based on the facts in the letter: ? An â€Å"achiever†: born in 1935, graduated with honors, joins Livingstone at the age of 23, promoted to an important position after only 4 years in the company, promoted youngest ever Executive VP (35 years old) after 12 years in the company. ?Loyal to the company and proud of it: entire career at Livi ngstone (20 years) ? â€Å"Work-aholic† at the expense of his family: regularly spend evenings and weekends in the office. Forgets about taking vacation.Immersed by work, leaves all energies in the office and fails in dedicated some to his wife and kids. One anecdote: after divorce, lives in a NYC hotel close to the office. ?Self-confident: believes others will notice and reward him for his own professional skills. ?Small (or none) circle of friends: having written this letter, at this point in time, to a professor he has neither seen nor talked to in the past 20 years seems like a strong sign that he had nobody closer with whom share his dilemma. The ANALYSIS: Ben Brooks’ profile 1. Psychological TypeWith the limited information available in the letter, we can guess Ben is an NT TYPE (â€Å"Intuitive Rational†): Ben is fascinated by power, he is very ambitious and believes he will progress and be recognized / rewarded by others as a result of his own personal c ompetences. As we said, he is a â€Å"work-aholic†, his competence seems never enough to him and he lives permanently with the fear to â€Å"fail† (ie. to not getting as high as he believes he deserves). He is a â€Å"visionary† and permanently challenges the status-quo: a good example is the â€Å"direct cost model† Ben developed and implemented at Livingstone only 2 years after having joined the company.In his professional relationships with others, NT types are arrogant in that sense that they assume a small contribution from his peers and team since, ultimately, â€Å"they are not as good as I am†. At the same time, as contradictory as it may seem, he can be as highly demanding with others as he is with himself. The NT types could go as far as hurting others’ feelings without even noticing it. Worth noting: there is nevertheless one component in Ben’s personality which could have led us to classify him rather as an SJ type.Ben is committed to deliver on his promises and objectives and, in that respect, he values duty above all and dedicates all of his time and energy to his work. That said, an SJ type is also very sensitive to others, to bringing harmony to the relationships and his â€Å"duty sense† goes beyond work to also his family. This is clearly not the case for Ben. ? To further complete this picture, Ben seems to be more of an INTROVERTED type: difficult to say through the letter but he does not seem like a very social or externally-focused person.He does not seem to be sourcing his energy from others, but rather from himself and his work. He definitely prefers communicating in written, even to a professor he has not seen for the past 20 years (! ) which clearly shows how little genuine interest he has in knowing how others (the professor) are doing: he dedicates 3 pages to talking exclusively about himself and his dilemma. On the 4th axe, Ben seems more like a JUDGEMENT type: he enjoys plann ing is work and is excited about reaching objectives. That said, we do not have much more information about this topic. 2.Motivational profile Reading through his letter, we can sense Ben has consistently been moved by mostly INTRINSIC MOTIVATIONS, with some component of EXTRINSIC MOTIVATIONS but a total absence of TRANSCENDENT MOTIVATIONS. Let’s elaborate slightly more: Most important motivation for Ben seems to have been his own self-fulfillment at work, the satisfaction of being a competent professional facing challenges and delivering results (INTRINSIC MOTIVATION) with the objective of being rewarded by the company with increasingly important jobs, power and status (EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION).Economic compensation, although also important (as for most of us), seems to play a secondary role for Ben. In his letter, he explains his jobs and some key business achievements yet never mentions other people, his teams, the role they played on his success or the impact he, as a manage r, had on their development (lack of TRANSCENDENT MOTIVATIONS). This analysis is coherent with the conclusion we can drive from his (lack of) personal life: Ben acknowledges he failed in dedicating time and energy to his family and was not surprise when his wife left him.He talks about this â€Å"personal drama† in a very dispassionate manner, as a â€Å"logical fact†: another indication of the little relevancy of TRANSCENDENT MOTIVATIONS. How does this affect his LEADERSHIP ABILITY? Nobody, no matter how good of a manager he/she is, could be perceived as a true leader by his/her organization, if he/she does not display a minimum of TRANSCENDENT MOTIVATION, ie. a unique interest and empathy about others and about doing what is better for others’ well-being. This motivation is a must in order to be able to generate VALUES in the organization.Ben thought his personal needs would be fulfilled with MATERIAL and PROFESSIONAL components. He disregarded AFFECTIVE needs or, equally worrying, he thought it was other people’s role (his wife) to provide him unilaterally with some affection. 3. Leadership Style and Competencies Ben appears as an EXECUTIVE LEADER, a â€Å"DOER†. He has vision for the business and the skills to get there. He relentlessly focus on results, on delivering on objectives and is highly involved and committed to do so.This single-minded focus leaves little room for other people: he is egocentric and lacks genuine interest in others. He is a poor listener and could end up manipulating others (even unconsciously) in his will to get results at any cost. Ben is ambitious about his career and concerned about his own success above all. Through his 20 years of successful career progression, Ben has certainly demonstrated both BUSINESS and MANAGING COMPETENCIES (otherwise he would probably not have become Executive VP).As previously said, Ben has a vision for the business, knows how to administrate people and resources i n order to be effective in delivering results. On the contrary, lacking of Transcendent Motivations, Ben has been unable of bringing a SENSE OF MISSION to his leadership. Further, he has probably even been unconscious and unaware of the importance of this sense of mission. Ben has lacked the critical PERSONAL COMPETENCIES required to lead others behind a common â€Å"vision†, a higher level commitment than merely objectives or tasks.With strong Business and Managing competencies, Ben has been able through his career to deliver results and to motivate his teams â€Å"on the short-term† by merely leveraging on their extrinsic and intrinsic motivations (LIDERANCA TRANSFORMADORA). Nevertheless, as it is, Ben would be unable to motivate an organization behind a higher-end, longer-term mission (LIDERANCA TRANSCENDENTE), and this is certainly what Livingstone top management has identified as a gap for Ben to become the company CEO.In the words of another leadership specialist , Ben is certainly a COMPETENT MANAGER, he organizes people and resources to reach objectives. He is probably an EFFECTIVE LEADER, with a vision to engage others towards the pursuit of stretching goals. But he is not at the top leadership level, the LEVEL 5 EXECUTIVE, who builds solid organizations and preaches with his own example and humility, rallying the organization behind a common mission, one which transcends extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to truly make an impact on people’s well-being and, ultimately, on the society.Advice I would give to Ben Brooks Throughout the above analysis, the advice I would give to Ben is to take quality time and start a well-thought process of personal change. Any personal change process requires: -First, to acknowledge the need for a personal and a professional change: Ben has done so already, at least on the professional side, as we can see in his letter. He does not yet seem concerned about the importance of a well-balanced personal a nd emotional life and its positive impact on his leadership ability. Second, the willingness to change: Ben is starting to realize this as he says he will certainly behave differently if he joins a new company. -Third, to act, to plan the change and to execute it, as an iterative process. For a mid-aged person like Ben, with 20 years of professional experience in the same company (hence, already with a personal risk-aversion profile), changing profoundly anchored habits will be a very difficult exercise.Further, Ben is currently frustrated and angry about his top management decision and he will probably lack the necessary objectivity in analyzing his own case and the true reasons why they believe he is not ready to be the CEO the company needs. I would hence advice Ben to reach out to a professional coach who, same as psychiatrics do, will help him dissect the information and drive conclusions and who will design, with him, the steps needed for the change.I would advise him to start by complementing his own in-depth reflection with the feedback he could get from several peers, subordinates and friends/family about who is Ben, how does he behaves, how is he perceived. This will be the starting point, the raw material to start the work with the coach. Also importantly, this process will take significant time and effort, yet it is crucial if he wants to become not only a better rounded senior leader for an organization, but also a happier person. I would suggest that he puts aside, for the moment, his prospection for new jobs.Ideally, if this is financially possible, he would quit his job and dedicate some time (some months) entirely to himself and his change process. Probably 20 years of experience do â€Å"buy you† the right to do so and the personal â€Å"win† will be worth the time and the salary. Ultimately, I believe Ben will be better off leaving his company: he has accumulated significant frustration that will impact him in his daily work an d, as he says, he will probably not make it to CEO there in the mid-term. That said, I believe he should also think whether â€Å"becoming CEO† is his true objective.The title â€Å"per se† does not say much. He should be more factual in writing down the â€Å"must have† and the â€Å"negotiable elements† of the ideal job he wants and, with the help of his coach, identify the type of jobs and, as importantly, the type of companies where he could find it. In my opinion, these are the lessons Ben Brooks should learn for the future Driven by his own professional ambition, Ben has failed in taking a â€Å"helicopter view† to evaluate his personal and professional life on a permanent mode.He has failed in growing as a leader and as a person to go beyond efficacy (delivering on results), to leave a positive mark on those surrounding him and to make his beloved ones happier and his collaborators more profoundly committed about a mission. A leader is not a â€Å"top level† leader if he does not: -First, knows himself (â€Å"Self-Awareness†), his motivations, his style, his strengths and weaknesses, the impact he makes on others, -Leverages his own emotions and skills to be more effective and empathic in working with others, to get the most out of them (Emotional Intelligence) -Has a genuine interest for other people, Behaves as a change agent, an influential leader well beyond a â€Å"doer† delivering business results -Knows how to manage his own career and his personal time and, ultimately, balances both (Work Life Balance) to be an example as a professional but also as a human being. Ben invested all his time and energy on his own effectiveness as a manager and thought this would be enough to take him where he wanted to be.He invested all the time in his company, his projects and results and failed to dedicate time and energy to his beloved ones but also to himself. The best investment one can make, at any time in life, is the investment made to become a better person and a better leader, more genuine and more engaged to excel not only in results, but also in the positive impact we have on others. Ben is still on time to do so and excel in this new professional adventure, whatever makes him happier, with or without the â€Å"CEO† title in the business card.

Mephisto - Roman Einer Karriere

Mephisto - Roman Einer Karriere Klaus Mann: "‚žMephisto "‚“ Roman einer Karriere" 1. Entstehungsgeschichte 1.1 Der Autor Klaus Heinrich Thomas Mann wurde am 18. November 1906 als ÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¤ltester Sohn von Thomas und Katja Mann geboren. Seine Geschwister waren Erika, Golo, Monika, Elisabeth und Michael, die alle spÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¤ter literarisch tÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¤tig wurden. Um den Werdegang Klaus Manns besser verstehen zu kÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¶nnen ist es wichtig sich deutlich zu machen, dass sowohl sein Vater als auch sein Onkel bedeutende und erfolgreiche Schriftsteller ihrer Zeit waren. Dies sollte noch einen groÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Ÿen Einfluss auf sein spÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¤teres Leben haben. Zuerst verlebte Klaus Mann allerdings eine recht glÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¼ckliche Kindheit, die von vielfachen Orts - und vor allem Schulwechseln geprÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¤gt war. Sein Potential wurde allerdings bereits frÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¼h erkannt: So ÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¤uÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Ÿerte sich 1922 Paul Geheeb, Leiter des Internats SchloÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Ÿ Salem in einen Brief an Katja Mann: "‚žBei ihrem Sohn handelt es sich um einen ungewÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¶hnlich begabten und fein veranlagten Jungen, von dem aber keineswegs sicher steht, wohin seine Begabung ihn fÂÆ'ÂÆ'‚Â ¼hren wird."Deutsch: Mann, Klaus: Der fromme Tanz. Das Abenteu...

The Octet Rule Explanation in Chemistry

The Octet Rule Explanation in Chemistry The octet rule states that elements gain or lose electrons to attain an electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. Here is an explanation of how this works and why elements follow the octet rule. The Octet Rule Noble gases have complete outer electron shells, which make them very stable. Other elements also seek stability, which governs their reactivity and bonding behavior. Halogens are one electron away from filled energy levels, so they are very reactive. Chlorine, for example, has seven electrons in its outer electron shell. Chlorine readily bonds with other elements so that it can have a filled energy level, like argon; 328.8 kJ per mole of chlorine atoms are released when chlorine acquires a single electron. In contrast, energy would be required to add a second electron to a chlorine atom. From a thermodynamic standpoint, chlorine is most likely to participate in reactions where each atom gains a single electron. The other reactions are possible but less favorable. The octet rule is an informal measure of how favorable a chemical bond is between atoms. Why Elements Follow the Octet Rule Atoms follow the octet rule because they always seek the most stable electron configuration. Following the octet rule results in completely filled s- and p- orbitals in an atoms outermost energy level. Low atomic weight elements (the first 20 elements) are most likely to adhere to the octet rule. Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams Lewis electron dot diagrams may be drawn to help account for the electrons participating in a chemical bond between elements. A Lewis diagram counts the valence electrons. Electrons shared in a covalent bond are counted twice. For the octet rule, there should be eight electrons accounted for around each atom.

Quality and Process Improvment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality and Process Improvment - Essay Example These three processes of quality and process improvement are interdependent and, hence, to be successful in our improvement process, we have to undertake all the three processes. As for quality and process improvement, I have learned how re-engineering of business processes can assist in achieve substantial improvement in business performance. This process involves rethinking and radical redesigning of business processes. Using this knowledge, I can redesign the business processes of my father’s small appliance repair company to enhance its performance. The knowledge I have obtained could help me in putting into consideration various critical measures of business performance like operational cost, reliability of services, and the speed of the processes during the re-engineering process. This could enhance the success of the process and thus making me a successful business manager. The knowledge I have obtained about quality and process improvement can help me to be able to ref ine various elements of the processes during the re-engineering process. Some of the elements of the processes that require refining during the re-engineering process are jobs and tasks undertaken by different individuals in the business. Preference constraints that determine what to be done first and what to follow and the flow management protocol also need refining. By refining these elements, I could increase the chances of obtaining the dramatic change that I will be seeking to obtain through the re-engineering process. I have also learned the importance of incorporating information technology during the process of quality and process improvement. One of the advantages of incorporating information technology in this process is that it can help in increasing the efficiency of various elements of the business processes. Moreover, introducing this technology can increase chances of obtaining more accurate performance measures, thus, enhancing the process of re-engineering. It can a lso enhance the process of evaluating the re-engineering process. With all these knowledge about the importance of information technology in promoting quality and process improvement in the business, I could select the appropriate information technology to apply. This will enhance the quality of services it provides, as well as improving its processes of business. Another thing that I have learned that will be very important in my career as a business manager is the importance of having a comprehensive trouble-shooting catalogue. This could give an inexperienced person in business an idea on the services provided, the time they can take, and their costs implications. The customers would, thus, get the required information without consulting the person who has specialized in proving those services. In return, the turnaround time on service delivery will reduce, thus, resulting in more customer satisfaction and, hence, customer loyalty. Using this knowledge, I would design a trouble-s hooting catalogue for my father’s small appliance repair company, thus, improving how it serves its customers in order to increase customer satisfaction. During my learning on quality and process improvement, I have come to understand the importance of inculcating the process of monitoring and evaluation in the business structure. This could help in revealing the places in which the business is